1.主換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)端(duan)溫差偏大(da)景象某廠(chang)12000m3爪空分(fen)(fen)(fen)設備(bei)接納分(fen)(fen)(fen)子篩(shai)吸附凈(jing)化、增壓(ya)透平膨大(da)、規整(zheng)填料上(shang)塔(ta)及全精餾無氫制(zhi)氮(dan)外壓(ya) 縮(suo)流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)。自空分(fen)(fen)(fen)設備(bei)開車以來(lai)(lai)(lai)，用戶不(bu)斷反應主換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)端(duan)溫差過(guo)大(da)，此中一(yi)組(zu)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)有(you)7℃一(yi)8℃的(de)溫 差。通過(guo)種種調理(li)(li)(li)花招，液體(ti)產量仍達不(bu)到(dao)條(tiao)約要(yao)求的(de)計劃值。檢查空分(fen)(fen)(fen)設備(bei)流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)圖和(he)(he)精餾塔(ta)總(zong)圖發明，6臺主換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(El一(yi)E6)分(fen)(fen)(fen)兩組(zu)散布，分(fen)(fen)(fen)子篩(shai)吸附器(qi)(qi)出(chu)口(kou)空 氣(qi)通過(guo)正(zheng)流(liu)(liu)空氣(qi)閥(fa)Vln和(he)(he)vllZ分(fen)(fen)(fen)別進人El一(yi)E3和(he)(he)E4一(yi)E6兩組(zu)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)。兩組(zu)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)之(zhi)間的(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)端(duan)溫差可哄(hong)騙 v川和(he)(he)vllZ閥(fa)來(lai)(lai)(lai)調理(li)(li)(li)，每組(zu)內3個(ge)單位(wei)之(zhi)間靠冷(leng)箱內配(pei)管(guan)(guan)來(lai)(lai)(lai)平衡(heng)氣(qi)流(liu)(liu)的(de)散布。增壓(ya)空氣(qi)出(chu)主換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)各單位(wei) 有(you)中部、底部兩個(ge)抽(chou)口(kou)，進膨大(da)機的(de)空氣(qi)溫度由中部抽(chou)口(kou)總(zong)管(guan)(guan)閥(fa)V31和(he)(he)底部抽(chou)口(kou)總(zong)管(guan)(guan)閥(fa)V犯來(lai)(lai)(lai)調理(li)(li)(li)。返(fan)流(liu)(liu) 氣(qi)體(ti)只要(yao)通過(guo)各自總(zong)管(guan)(guan)上(shang)的(de)調理(li)(li)(li)閥(fa)來(lai)(lai)(lai)調理(li)(li)(li)流(liu)(liu)量。

管(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)式(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)器是把換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)管(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)與(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)連接后，再用(yong)筒(tong)體(ti)(ti)與(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)箱包起來(lai)，形成(cheng)兩個獨立(li)的(de)(de)(de)空間。管(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)通道及(ji)(ji)與(yu)其相貫通的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)箱稱為(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)；管(guan)(guan)(guan)外的(de)(de)(de)通道及(ji)(ji)與(yu)其相貫通的(de)(de)(de)部(bu)分稱為(wei)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。一(yi)種流(liu)體(ti)(ti)在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)流(liu)動，而另(ling)一(yi)種流(liu)體(ti)(ti)在(zai)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)與(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)之間從管(guan)(guan)(guan)外表面流(liu)過(guo)，為(wei)了保(bao)證殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)流(liu)體(ti)(ti)能夠(gou)橫向流(liu)過(guo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)，以(yi)形成(cheng)較(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)傳熱(re)速率，在(zai)外殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)上裝有(you)許(xu)多擋板(ban)。管(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)式(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)器管(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)和(he)磨蝕(shi)(shi)失(shi)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)原因管(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)式(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)器在(zai)使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中可能會發生失(shi)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)，常見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)失(shi)效(xiao)是管(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)失(shi)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)和(he)磨蝕(shi)(shi)失(shi)效(xiao)、傳熱(re)能力下降、管(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)泄(xie)漏.以(yi)下是關于管(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)式(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)器官術(shu)失(shi)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)具體(ti)(ti)介紹。管(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)式(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)器出現管(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)失(shi)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)有(you)哪些?管(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)式(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)器的(de)(de)(de)失(shi)效(xiao)大多數是由腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)引(yin)起的(de)(de)(de)。最常見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)式(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)器腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)部(bu)位是換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)管(guan)(guan)(guan),然后依次是管(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)、換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)器封頭 及(ji)(ji)小直(zhi)徑的(de)(de)(de)接管(guan)(guan)(guan)。

容(rong)(rong)積式換(huan)熱(re)器(qi)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)泵出口處止回(hui)(hui)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)和電(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)前閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，當用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)運(yun)行時(shi)，即用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)泵啟動時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)前閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)，當用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)內壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)超過定壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(確保(bao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)不倒空)后，電(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)前閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)自動開啟，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)回(hui)(hui)水(shui)(shui)經閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)前閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)定壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)為用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)定壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)，并(bing)容(rong)(rong)積式換(huan)熱(re)器(qi)減壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)至和熱(re)網回(hui)(hui)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)相同；當用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)容(rong)(rong)積式換(huan)熱(re)器(qi)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)泵停止運(yun)行時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)前閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)斷電(dian)(dian)自動關閉，這(zhe)樣用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)內的(de)水(shui)(shui)就被密(mi)閉起來，如果(guo)不漏水(shui)(shui)，可保(bao)證用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)容(rong)(rong)積式換(huan)熱(re)器(qi)戶(hu)(hu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)內壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)在較長時(shi)間維持在定壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)左右。也就是說，不論增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)冪運(yun)行還是不運(yun)行，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)系(xi)(xi)締(di)內的(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)都町堆(dui)持在倧(zong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)范圍內。

回用性(xing)能的(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)驗和(he)檢(jian)(jian)測。在(zai)懷疑(yi)有(you)銹蝕的(de)(de)情(qing)況下對換(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)及管道的(de)(de)壁厚(hou)進行(xing)(xing)檢(jian)(jian)查;清除老化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)件，根據不同的(de)(de)污垢，采用酸(suan)堿進行(xing)(xing)化(hua)(hua)學清洗，被清洗零部件的(de)(de)表(biao)面不會受(shou)(shou)到化(hua)(hua)學介質的(de)(de)腐蝕侵害;還要(yao)著重(zhong)檢(jian)(jian)查密(mi)封(feng)(feng)槽的(de)(de)情(qing)況，必(bi)(bi)要(yao)時進行(xing)(xing)修整;五是對于(yu)粘接式密(mi)封(feng)(feng)墊，將徹底清除殘留的(de)(de)物質，使(shi)用調(diao)和(he)式粘接膠重(zhong)新粘接，重(zhong)新組(zu)合的(de)(de)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)片組(zu)在(zai)專用夾具中夾緊，使(shi)粘接劑固化(hua)(hua)，在(zai)保溫爐中加熱(re)保溫，以(yi)達到粘接效果。如果沒有(you)備用的(de)(de)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)墊，必(bi)(bi)須從整個板式換(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)組(zu)中取下受(shou)(shou)損密(mi)封(feng)(feng)墊兩側的(de)(de)散熱(re)片，然后對剩(sheng)(sheng)余散熱(re)片的(de)(de)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)墊結合面進行(xing)(xing)檢(jian)(jian)查。必(bi)(bi)須嚴格按(an)照(zhao)使(shi)用說明書中的(de)(de)要(yao)求安(an)裝剩(sheng)(sheng)余的(de)(de)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)片，為了保證剩(sheng)(sheng)余的(de)(de)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)有(you)足夠的(de)(de)應(ying)力(li)(li)以(yi)抵抗負載，必(bi)(bi)須將原(yuan)來(lai)(lai)各片允許承受(shou)(shou)的(de)(de)應(ying)力(li)(li)乘以(yi)原(yuan)來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)片數，所得的(de)(de)積再除以(yi)當前剩(sheng)(sheng)余換(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)的(de)(de)片數，得到現在(zai)每(mei)個換(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)片必(bi)(bi)須承受(shou)(shou)的(de)(de)組(zu)裝應(ying)力(li)(li)數值(zhi)。

管(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)式(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)(shell and tube heat exchanger)又稱列(lie)(lie)管(guan)(guan)(guan)式(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)。管(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)式(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)是(shi)以封閉在(zai)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)體(ti)中管(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)(shu)的(de)壁面(mian)作為(wei)傳(chuan)熱(re)(re)面(mian)的(de)間壁式(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)。這種(zhong)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)結構較(jiao)簡單(dan)，操(cao)作可靠，可用(yong)(yong)各(ge)種(zhong)結構材料（主要是(shi)金屬材料）制造(zao)，能在(zai)高溫、高壓下使用(yong)(yong)，是(shi)目前應用(yong)(yong)廣的(de)類(lei)型。管(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)式(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)是(shi)怎樣運行(xing)的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)式(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)由殼(ke)(ke)(ke)體(ti)、傳(chuan)熱(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)(shu)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)(ban)、折流(liu)板(ban)(ban)（擋板(ban)(ban)）和管(guan)(guan)(guan)箱等(deng)部件組成(cheng)。殼(ke)(ke)(ke)體(ti)多(duo)為(wei)圓筒形，內(nei)部裝(zhuang)有管(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)(shu)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)(shu)兩端固定在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)(ban)上。進行(xing)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)的(de)冷熱(re)(re)兩種(zhong)流(liu)體(ti)，一(yi)種(zhong)在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)流(liu)動(dong)，稱為(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)程流(liu)體(ti)；另(ling)一(yi)種(zhong)在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)外(wai)流(liu)動(dong)，稱為(wei)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)程流(liu)體(ti)。為(wei)提高管(guan)(guan)(guan)外(wai)流(liu)體(ti)的(de)傳(chuan)熱(re)(re)分系數(shu)，通常在(zai)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)體(ti)內(nei)安裝(zhuang)若干擋板(ban)(ban)。擋板(ban)(ban)可提高殼(ke)(ke)(ke)程流(liu)體(ti)速度，迫使流(liu)體(ti)按(an)規定路程多(duo)次橫向通過管(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)(shu)，增強流(liu)體(ti)湍流(liu)程度。換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)(ban)上可按(an)等(deng)邊三(san)角形或正方(fang)(fang)形排列(lie)(lie)。等(deng)邊三(san)角形排列(lie)(lie)較(jiao)緊湊，管(guan)(guan)(guan)外(wai)流(liu)體(ti)湍動(dong)程度高，傳(chuan)熱(re)(re)分系數(shu)大；正方(fang)(fang)形排列(lie)(lie)則(ze)管(guan)(guan)(guan)外(wai)清洗方(fang)(fang)便，適用(yong)(yong)于易結垢的(de)流(liu)體(ti)。

管殼式換熱器是石油化工行業的重要設備，東北換熱器廠家它的腐蝕及保護對設備的長周期運行有著重要的意義；由于近年來加工原油中的硫、酸及雜質含量越來越高，對煉油換熱設備的防腐蝕性能及材料的選擇提出了更高的要求。文章對采用專用涂料與犧牲陽極綜合保護法進行了闡述，該方法工藝方案和特點是：管殼式換熱器的工藝方案和特點是什么表面處理要徹底，合理選取保護電流密度，按設計要求確定陽極塊，控制好濕度和溫度，涂料施工嚴格按照SHY－99涂料工藝進行，確保綜合防護的效果。換熱器目前國內石油、化纖、冶(ye)金、發電等企業的(de)(de)冷(leng)換器(qi)設備經常由于(yu)水垢、腐蝕產物和腐蝕物黏泥造成冷(leng)換器(qi)堵塞，致傳熱(re)系(xi)數下(xia)降，是冷(leng)卻水系(xi)統中常見的(de)(de)問題。由于(yu)碳酸鹽垢的(de)(de)導熱(re)系(xi)數只(zhi)有碳鋼的(de)(de)1%左(zuo)右(you)，直(zhi)接影響到了換熱(re)效率，增加了系(xi)統的(de)(de)壓力(li)降。