在(zai)(zai)檢修維護換熱(re)器汽(qi)(qi)包(bao)(bao)(bao)時(shi)(shi)發現(xian)汽(qi)(qi)包(bao)(bao)(bao)封頭(tou)(tou)(tou)泄漏(lou)(lou)(lou)，在(zai)(zai)汽(qi)(qi)包(bao)(bao)(bao)封頭(tou)(tou)(tou)的(de)(de)閥(fa)蓋角(jiao)焊(han)縫處出(chu)現(xian)裂紋(wen)，裂紋(wen)平行(xing)于焊(han)縫。采用(yong)宏觀形貌分析、化(hua)學(xue)成分分析、金相檢驗、顯微硬度(du)測(ce)定、能譜分析以及應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)分析等方法對泄漏(lou)(lou)(lou)處進行(xing)了分析。結(jie)果表明(ming)，汽(qi)(qi)包(bao)(bao)(bao)中(zhong)水質含有較高濃度(du)的(de)(de)堿(jian)性(xing)元素和氯、硫、氧等強腐(fu)蝕(shi)性(xing)元素，又在(zai)(zai)焊(han)接(jie)殘余應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)作用(yong)下發生(sheng)(sheng)應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)腐(fu)蝕(shi)開裂，最后導致汽(qi)(qi)包(bao)(bao)(bao)封頭(tou)(tou)(tou)產生(sheng)(sheng)泄漏(lou)(lou)(lou)。應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)腐(fu)蝕(shi)；沿晶；堿(jian)脆；軋(ya)制帶狀組織某化(hua)工廠換熱(re)器汽(qi)(qi)包(bao)(bao)(bao)于1996年投入使用(yong)，于2005年上(shang)半年維護檢修時(shi)(shi)發現(xian)滲漏(lou)(lou)(lou)。經去除外面保溫材料后，發現(xian)汽(qi)(qi)包(bao)(bao)(bao)封頭(tou)(tou)(tou)的(de)(de)蓋板角(jiao)焊(han)縫位置(zhi)出(chu)現(xian)裂紋(wen)，裂紋(wen)為(wei)穿透型(xing)，起源于汽(qi)(qi)包(bao)(bao)(bao)封頭(tou)(tou)(tou)內表面，換熱(re)器外形尺(chi)寸為(wei)1632mm9423mm，汽(qi)(qi)包(bao)(bao)(bao)封頭(tou)(tou)(tou)外形尺(chi)寸1632mm400mm，汽(qi)(qi)包(bao)(bao)(bao)封頭(tou)(tou)(tou)材料為(wei)16MnR鋼。

管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)式(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器和(he)(he)列(lie)(lie)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)式(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器的區別(bie)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)式(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器和(he)(he)列(lie)(lie)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)式(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器在物理構(gou)造(zao)上(shang)一模一樣(yang),不(bu)(bu)過這倆(lia)種(zhong)(zhong)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器的使用方式(shi)不(bu)(bu)一樣(yang)列(lie)(lie)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)式(shi)的介(jie)(jie)質是(shi)(shi)經過的管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)里(li)面),冷(leng)介(jie)(jie)質通過殼(ke)(ke)程(換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)殼(ke)(ke)體之間),管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)式(shi)恰(qia)恰(qia)和(he)(he)他相(xiang)反。另(ling)外(wai)列(lie)(lie)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)式(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器的結構(gou)比較簡單緊(jin)密、制作資(zi)金少(shao)，但是(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)刻意進行機械清洗。這種(zhong)(zhong)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)的器管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束固定在管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)的一端，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)又分(fen)別(bie)固定在外(wai)殼(ke)(ke)兩側(ce)，而(er)且(qie)上(shang)面的連(lian)接(jie)有頂(ding)蓋(gai)，頂(ding)蓋(gai)和(he)(he)殼(ke)(ke)體上(shang)裝著介(jie)(jie)質進出(chu)口。大(da)部分(fen)列(lie)(lie)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)式(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器都會在換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外(wai)面設置上(shang)很多和(he)(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束吹制的擋板(ban)。還有就是(shi)(shi)它的換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)包括和(he)(he)外(wai)殼(ke)(ke)的都是(shi)(shi)剛(gang)性連(lian)接(jie)，而(er)且(qie)因為換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內和(he)(he)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外(wai)是(shi)(shi)兩種(zhong)(zhong)溫度差別(bie)很大(da)的介(jie)(jie)質。

管(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)又稱列管(guan)(guan)(guan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)。是(shi)以封閉在殼(ke)(ke)(ke)體中管(guan)(guan)(guan)束的壁(bi)面作為(wei)傳熱(re)面的間(jian)壁(bi)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)。這(zhe)種換(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)結構較(jiao)簡單，操作可(ke)靠，可(ke)用各(ge)(ge)種結構材料(liao)制(zhi)造(zao)，能在高(gao)溫、高(gao)壓下使用，是(shi)目前應(ying)用廣泛(fan)的類(lei)型(xing)。在使用一(yi)(yi)段時(shi)間(jian)之后對管(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)清洗(xi)非常的重(zhong)(zhong)要，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)由于工(gong)業(ye)上使用長久管(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)里(li)面的管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)會出(chu)現(xian)各(ge)(ge)種灰(hui)塵和沉(chen)淀物(wu)的粘(zhan)黏(nian)，導致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)換(huan)熱(re)效率(lv)下降，變相提高(gao)生(sheng)產成本，嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)還會導致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)使用壽命(ming)，造(zao)成損失。清洗(xi)有(you)利(li)于提高(gao)換(huan)熱(re)效率(lv):管(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)或管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)運行一(yi)(yi)段時(shi)間(jian)后，表面往往會結一(yi)(yi)層污垢，污垢一(yi)(yi)般(ban)較(jiao)為(wei)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)密堅硬，熱(re)導率(lv)很小。污垢的阻礙效率(lv)大得驚人，里(li)面的有(you)機(ji)離子、灰(hui)塵若無重(zhong)(zhong)視可(ke)能導致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不可(ke)避免的其他問題的產生(sheng)。

熱水機組容積式換熱器采用高效傳熱管—螺紋管作為換熱元件，傳熱系數高，比光管換熱器高1—3倍，流動阻力小，消耗動力少。熱水機組哪家好由于在換熱器內部結構上有了重大改進，使熱水機組換(huan)熱(re)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)項性(xing)能(neng)指(zhi)標(biao)均(jun)有顯著提高。容積式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)器(qi)具備一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)存儲(chu)量，在賓館、飯店、機關、學校、醫院、工(gong)廠、礦山(shan)等(deng)工(gong)業與民用(yong)(yong)建(jian)筑的(de)(de)(de)生活(huo)熱(re)水(shui)供應(ying)(ying)系統中，應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)廣(guang)泛。容積式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)器(qi)特點(dian)：1. 換(huan)熱(re)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)質根據介質的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同，可選用(yong)(yong)碳素鋼、不(bu)銹(xiu)(SUS304,SUS316,SUS316L)、銅(tong)管及其它特殊材(cai)(cai)質。2. 換(huan)熱(re)器(qi)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)流體充分，抗(kang)垢(gou)能(neng)力強。3. 罐(guan)內(nei)全部儲(chu)存熱(re)水(shui)，無滯水(shui)、冷(leng)水(shui)區(qu)，溶積利用(yong)(yong)率高。4. 殼體為不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼Ocr18Ni9或Q235B內(nei)襯(chen)紫銅(tong)板外壁(bi)涂漆防(fang)腐，換(huan)熱(re)管采用(yong)(yong)T2紫銅(tong)管。應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)領(ling)域：賓館、酒店、住宅(zhai)小(xiao)區(qu)及其他生活(huo)與工(gong)業的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)水(shui)供應(ying)(ying)。主要參數：工(gong)作壓力：0.2～2.5Mpa產熱(re)水(shui)量：0.4m3/h～60m3/h

管(guan)殼式換熱(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)是(shi)石(shi)油(you)化工(gong)(gong)行業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)重要設備(bei)，它的(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)蝕及(ji)保(bao)護對(dui)設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)周期(qi)運行有著重要的(de)(de)(de)意義(yi)；由(you)于(yu)近年來(lai)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)原油(you)中的(de)(de)(de)硫(liu)、酸及(ji)雜(za)質含量越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)高，對(dui)煉油(you)換熱(re)(re)設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)防腐(fu)蝕性能及(ji)材料的(de)(de)(de)選擇提出了(le)更高的(de)(de)(de)要求。文章對(dui)采用專用涂(tu)料與犧牲陽(yang)極綜(zong)合保(bao)護法進行了(le)闡述(shu)，該方(fang)法工(gong)(gong)藝方(fang)案和(he)特點是(shi)：管(guan)殼式換熱(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)藝方(fang)案和(he)特點是(shi)什么表面處理要徹底(di)，合理選取保(bao)護電流密度(du)，按設計要求確定陽(yang)極塊(kuai)，控制好(hao)濕(shi)度(du)和(he)溫度(du)，涂(tu)料施(shi)工(gong)(gong)嚴格按照SHY－99涂(tu)料工(gong)(gong)藝進行，確保(bao)綜(zong)合防護的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)果。目前(qian)國內(nei)石(shi)油(you)、化纖(xian)、冶(ye)金、發電等企業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)冷換器(qi)(qi)設備(bei)經(jing)常(chang)由(you)于(yu)水垢、腐(fu)蝕產物和(he)腐(fu)蝕物黏泥(ni)造成冷換器(qi)(qi)堵(du)塞(sai)，致傳熱(re)(re)系(xi)數下降(jiang)，是(shi)冷卻水系(xi)統中常(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)問題。由(you)于(yu)碳(tan)酸鹽垢的(de)(de)(de)導熱(re)(re)系(xi)數只有碳(tan)鋼(gang)的(de)(de)(de)1%左(zuo)右(you)，直接影響(xiang)到了(le)換熱(re)(re)效(xiao)率，增加(jia)了(le)系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)壓力降(jiang)。

管(guan)殼式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)其壽命設計的(de)(de)管(guan)殼式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)約為(wei)30年左(zuo)右(you)(you)，為(wei)4年左(zuo)右(you)(you)的(de)(de)檢修期，如(ru)果換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)泄(xie)漏(lou)，可能是管(guan)和(he)(he)管(guan)道(dao)泄(xie)漏(lou)引起的(de)(de)泄(xie)漏(lou)或(huo)破(po)裂(lie)的(de)(de)管(guan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)之間，壁(bi)管(guan)方(fang)法(fa)可在短時間內(nei)恢(hui)復工作(zuo)業績，讓(rang)7%堵冠(guan)宇管(guan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。根據橡(xiang)膠球(qiu)清洗裝(zhuang)置的(de)(de)需要(yao)，可進(jin)行定期的(de)(de)機械清洗。這個方(fang)法(fa)很簡單。 板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)維(wei)護方(fang)法(fa)：專業板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)具(ju)有體(ti)積小、重量輕等特點，維(wei)修方(fang)便，不需要(yao)設置吊裝(zhuang)設施，安(an)裝(zhuang)面積少。板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)手動維(wei)護包括整(zheng)個機器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)折疊，用噴水(shui)槍和(he)(he)毛刷清洗板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)和(he)(he)墊(dian)片(pian)，必要(yao)時檢查板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)和(he)(he)墊(dian)片(pian)，必要(yao)時更換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)和(he)(he)墊(dian)片(pian)。管(guan)殼式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)如(ru)何維(wei)修板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)通(tong)常(chang)每(mei)年需要(yao)清洗一次，無論(lun)是否(fou)實用，都要(yao)做。