在檢(jian)修維(wei)護(hu)換熱器汽(qi)(qi)包(bao)時(shi)發現(xian)汽(qi)(qi)包(bao)封(feng)(feng)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)泄(xie)漏，在汽(qi)(qi)包(bao)封(feng)(feng)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)的(de)閥蓋(gai)角焊(han)(han)縫處(chu)出現(xian)裂紋，裂紋平行(xing)于(yu)焊(han)(han)縫。采(cai)用(yong)宏(hong)觀形貌分(fen)析、化學成分(fen)分(fen)析、金相檢(jian)驗、顯微硬度(du)測(ce)定、能譜分(fen)析以及應力(li)(li)分(fen)析等(deng)方法對泄(xie)漏處(chu)進行(xing)了分(fen)析。結果表明，汽(qi)(qi)包(bao)中水質含有較高濃度(du)的(de)堿性元素和氯、硫、氧等(deng)強腐蝕(shi)性元素，又在焊(han)(han)接殘余應力(li)(li)的(de)作用(yong)下發生(sheng)應力(li)(li)腐蝕(shi)開裂，最后導致汽(qi)(qi)包(bao)封(feng)(feng)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)產(chan)生(sheng)泄(xie)漏。應力(li)(li)腐蝕(shi)；沿晶；堿脆(cui)；軋(ya)制帶(dai)狀組織某(mou)化工廠換熱器汽(qi)(qi)包(bao)于(yu)1996年(nian)(nian)投(tou)入使用(yong)，于(yu)2005年(nian)(nian)上半(ban)年(nian)(nian)維(wei)護(hu)檢(jian)修時(shi)發現(xian)滲漏。經去除外面保溫材料(liao)后，發現(xian)汽(qi)(qi)包(bao)封(feng)(feng)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)的(de)蓋(gai)板(ban)角焊(han)(han)縫位置出現(xian)裂紋，裂紋為(wei)穿(chuan)透(tou)型，起源于(yu)汽(qi)(qi)包(bao)封(feng)(feng)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)內表面，換熱器外形尺寸(cun)為(wei)1632mm9423mm，汽(qi)(qi)包(bao)封(feng)(feng)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)外形尺寸(cun)1632mm400mm，汽(qi)(qi)包(bao)封(feng)(feng)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)材料(liao)為(wei)16MnR鋼。

板(ban)式換(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)本身技術指(zhi)標(biao)上存在過(guo)流孔(kong)徑,進(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)請求(qiu)(qiu),經過(guo)比照(zhao)實踐進(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)指(zhi)標(biao)(冷水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)進(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi),熱(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)進(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)),需求(qiu)(qiu)留意一下幾(ji)點(dian)：進(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)酸(suan)堿性(包括冷水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和用于換(huan)(huan)熱(re)的熱(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)),假(jia)如(ru)超(chao)出板(ban)式換(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)進(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)技術指(zhi)標(biao),需求(qiu)(qiu)加(jia)裝PH調理安裝,避(bi)免過(guo)酸(suan)腐(fu)蝕或者(zhe)過(guo)堿構造梗塞;同事堿性也會腐(fu)蝕換(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)密封(feng)橡(xiang)膠圈(quan)招(zhao)致(zhi)走漏呈現.假(jia)如(ru)進(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)濁(zhuo)度超(chao)標(biao)或進(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中雜質(zhi)過(guo)多過(guo)大(包括冷水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和用于換(huan)(huan)熱(re)的熱(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)),倡議加(jia)裝自清(qing)洗(xi)過(guo)濾器(qi)(qi),避(bi)免板(ban)式換(huan)(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)梗塞,假(jia)如(ru)影響(xiang)不(bu)是(shi)很大,只需在進(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)端加(jia)裝Y型過(guo)濾器(qi)(qi)即可.閉路循環要思索增加(jia)加(jia)藥安裝,如(ru)投加(jia)緩蝕阻垢劑避(bi)免結垢。

管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)把換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)與(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板連接(jie)(jie)后，再用(yong)筒體(ti)與(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱包起(qi)來，形成(cheng)(cheng)兩個(ge)獨立的(de)空間。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內的(de)通(tong)道(dao)及(ji)(ji)與(yu)其相貫通(tong)的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱稱(cheng)為管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)；管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外的(de)通(tong)道(dao)及(ji)(ji)與(yu)其相貫通(tong)的(de)部分稱(cheng)為殼(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)。一種流體(ti)在(zai)(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內流動，而另一種流體(ti)在(zai)(zai)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)與(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)之間從(cong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外表面流過(guo)，為了保證殼(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)流體(ti)能夠(gou)橫向流過(guo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)，以形成(cheng)(cheng)較高的(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)速率，在(zai)(zai)外殼(ke)(ke)(ke)上裝有(you)許(xu)多(duo)擋板。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)腐蝕(shi)和(he)磨蝕(shi)失(shi)(shi)效(xiao)的(de)主要(yao)原(yuan)因(yin)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中可能會發生(sheng)失(shi)(shi)效(xiao)的(de)情(qing)況(kuang)，常見的(de)失(shi)(shi)效(xiao)是(shi)(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)失(shi)(shi)效(xiao)的(de)情(qing)況(kuang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)腐蝕(shi)和(he)磨蝕(shi)失(shi)(shi)效(xiao)、傳(chuan)(chuan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)能力(li)下降、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)泄漏.以下是(shi)(shi)關于管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)官術失(shi)(shi)效(xiao)的(de)具體(ti)介紹。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)出現管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)失(shi)(shi)效(xiao)的(de)情(qing)況(kuang)有(you)哪些(xie)?管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)的(de)失(shi)(shi)效(xiao)大(da)多(duo)數是(shi)(shi)由腐蝕(shi)引(yin)起(qi)的(de)。最常見的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)腐蝕(shi)部位是(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),然后依次是(shi)(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板、換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)封頭 及(ji)(ji)小直(zhi)徑的(de)接(jie)(jie)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。

管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)式(shi)換熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)又稱(cheng)列(lie)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)式(shi)換熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、列(lie)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)換熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)換熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)式(shi)換熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)換熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，關于管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)式(shi)換熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)名稱(cheng)各種叫法都有，比較常見說法就是管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)式(shi)換熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和列(lie)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)式(shi)換熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)式(shi)換熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組成及(ji)優點： 管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)式(shi)換熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)主要(yao)有殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)體(ti)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束、折(zhe)流(liu)板、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板和封頭(tou)(tou)等部(bu)分組成，殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)體(ti)多呈圓(yuan)形,內(nei)(nei)部(bu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)有平行(xing)(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束或(huo)者(zhe)螺旋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在(zai)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)體(ti)內(nei)(nei)，兩(liang)(liang)端(duan)固定于管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板上，封頭(tou)(tou)用螺栓與殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)體(ti)兩(liang)(liang)端(duan)的(de)(de)法蘭(lan)相連。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)換熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)內(nei)(nei)進行(xing)(xing)換熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)的(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)種流(liu)體(ti)在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)換熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)內(nei)(nei)進行(xing)(xing)換熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)的(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)種流(liu)體(ti)：（1）一種在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)(nei)流(liu)動，其(qi)行(xing)(xing)程稱(cheng)為管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程；（2）一種在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外流(liu)動,其(qi)行(xing)(xing)程稱(cheng)為殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程；（3）管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束的(de)(de)壁(bi)面即為傳(chuan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)面。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子的(de)(de)型號(hao)不一，過程一般(ban)為直(zhi)徑16mm20mm或(huo)者(zhe)25mm三(san)個(ge)型號(hao)；4）管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)壁(bi)厚(hou)度一般(ban)為1mm，1.5mm，2mm以及(ji)2.5mm。

封閉式(shi)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)和管(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)同(tong)屬(shu)于水換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)裝置(zhi)，有(you)著本質的區別。閉式(shi)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)除了熱(re)(re)(re)交換(huan)的過(guo)程，可(ke)以(yi)直(zhi)接(jie)蒸(zheng)發(fa)吸熱(re)(re)(re)，將熱(re)(re)(re)量排(pai)走，而管(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)只能換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)，使(shi)用(yong)過(guo)程中還需(xu)要另外的設(she)備進行排(pai)熱(re)(re)(re)。今天小(xiao)衛給(gei)大家詳細介(jie)紹(shao)一下管(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和閉式(shi)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)有(you)著哪些不同(tong)之處，在(zai)現實使(shi)用(yong)過(guo)程中閉式(shi)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)替代(dai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)已成趨一、封閉式(shi)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)管(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)概(gai)念及結(jie)(jie)構(gou)管(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)（shell and tube heat exchanger）又稱(cheng)列管(guan)(guan)(guan)式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。是以(yi)封閉在(zai)殼(ke)(ke)體中管(guan)(guan)(guan)束的壁面(mian)作為傳(chuan)熱(re)(re)(re)面(mian)的間壁式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。這(zhe)種(zhong)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)較簡單，操作 ，可(ke)用(yong)各種(zhong)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)（主(zhu)要是金屬(shu)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)）制造(zao)，能在(zai)高(gao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)由殼(ke)(ke)體、傳(chuan)熱(re)(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)(guan)束、管(guan)(guan)(guan)板、折(zhe)流板（擋板）和管(guan)(guan)(guan)箱等部(bu)件組成。殼(ke)(ke)體多(duo)為圓筒形(xing)，內部(bu)裝有(you)管(guan)(guan)(guan)束，管(guan)(guan)(guan)束兩端(duan)固定(ding)在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)板上。

管殼式換熱器又稱列管式換熱器。是以封閉在殼體中管束的壁面作為傳熱面的間壁式換熱器。這種換熱器結構較簡單，操作可靠，可用各種結構材料制造，能在高溫、高壓下使用，是目前應用廣泛的類型。供應容積式換熱器價格在使用一段時間之后對管殼式換熱器清洗非常的重要，一般由于工業上使用長久管殼式換熱器里面的管道會出現各種灰塵和沉淀物的粘黏，導致換熱效率下降，變相提高生產成本，嚴重還會導致管殼式換熱器使用壽命，造成損失。容積式換熱器清洗有利于提高換(huan)熱(re)效(xiao)率:管殼式換(huan)熱(re)器或管道(dao)運行一(yi)段時間后，表面(mian)(mian)往往會結一(yi)層(ceng)污(wu)垢(gou)，污(wu)垢(gou)一(yi)般較為致(zhi)密(mi)堅硬，熱(re)導(dao)率很小(xiao)。污(wu)垢(gou)的(de)阻礙效(xiao)率大得驚人，里面(mian)(mian)的(de)有機離子、灰(hui)塵若無(wu)重視可能導(dao)致(zhi)不可避免(mian)的(de)其他(ta)問題的(de)產生。