管(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)式換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(shell and tube heat exchanger)又稱列(lie)管(guan)式換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。管(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)式換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)以封閉在(zai)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)體(ti)(ti)中管(guan)束(shu)的(de)(de)壁面(mian)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)傳熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)面(mian)的(de)(de)間(jian)壁式換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)結構較簡單，操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)可(ke)靠，可(ke)用各種(zhong)(zhong)結構材料（主要是(shi)金屬材料）制造，能在(zai)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)、高(gao)(gao)壓下使(shi)用，是(shi)目前應(ying)用廣的(de)(de)類型。管(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)式換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)怎(zen)樣運行的(de)(de)管(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)式換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)由殼(ke)(ke)(ke)體(ti)(ti)、傳熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)管(guan)束(shu)、管(guan)板(ban)(ban)、折流(liu)(liu)(liu)板(ban)(ban)（擋板(ban)(ban)）和管(guan)箱等(deng)部件組成。殼(ke)(ke)(ke)體(ti)(ti)多為(wei)(wei)圓筒(tong)形(xing)，內(nei)部裝(zhuang)有管(guan)束(shu)，管(guan)束(shu)兩(liang)端(duan)固定在(zai)管(guan)板(ban)(ban)上。進行換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)的(de)(de)冷熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)兩(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)，一種(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)管(guan)內(nei)流(liu)(liu)(liu)動(dong)，稱為(wei)(wei)管(guan)程(cheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)；另一種(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)管(guan)外流(liu)(liu)(liu)動(dong)，稱為(wei)(wei)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)。為(wei)(wei)提高(gao)(gao)管(guan)外流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)傳熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)分系數(shu)，通常在(zai)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)體(ti)(ti)內(nei)安裝(zhuang)若(ruo)干擋板(ban)(ban)。擋板(ban)(ban)可(ke)提高(gao)(gao)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)速(su)度(du)(du)(du)，迫使(shi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)按(an)規定路程(cheng)多次橫(heng)向通過(guo)管(guan)束(shu)，增強(qiang)流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)湍(tuan)流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)。換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)管(guan)在(zai)管(guan)板(ban)(ban)上可(ke)按(an)等(deng)邊(bian)三角(jiao)形(xing)或正(zheng)方(fang)(fang)形(xing)排(pai)列(lie)。等(deng)邊(bian)三角(jiao)形(xing)排(pai)列(lie)較緊湊，管(guan)外流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)湍(tuan)動(dong)程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)高(gao)(gao)，傳熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)分系數(shu)大；正(zheng)方(fang)(fang)形(xing)排(pai)列(lie)則管(guan)外清(qing)洗方(fang)(fang)便，適(shi)用于易結垢的(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)。

管殼式換熱器又稱列管式換熱器。是以封閉在殼體中管束的壁面作為傳熱面的間壁式換熱器。這種換熱器結構較簡單，操作可靠，可用各種結構材料制造，能在高溫、高壓下使用，是目前應用廣泛的類型。優質容積式換熱器價格在使用一段時間之后對管殼式換熱器清洗非常的重要，一般由于工業上使用長久管殼式換熱器里面的管道會出現各種灰塵和沉淀物的粘黏，導致換熱效率下降，變相提高生產成本，嚴重還會導致管殼式換熱器使用壽命，造成損失。容積式換熱器清洗有利于提高換熱效率(lv):管(guan)殼式換熱器或管(guan)道(dao)運行一(yi)段(duan)時間后，表面(mian)往往會結一(yi)層污(wu)垢，污(wu)垢一(yi)般較為(wei)致密堅硬，熱導率(lv)很小。污(wu)垢的(de)阻(zu)礙(ai)效率(lv)大得(de)驚人，里面(mian)的(de)有機離子、灰塵若無重視可能導致不可避(bi)免的(de)其他問題的(de)產(chan)生。

在檢(jian)(jian)修(xiu)維護(hu)換(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)包(bao)(bao)時發現(xian)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)包(bao)(bao)封(feng)(feng)(feng)頭泄(xie)(xie)漏(lou)，在汽(qi)(qi)(qi)包(bao)(bao)封(feng)(feng)(feng)頭的閥蓋角焊(han)縫(feng)處(chu)出現(xian)裂(lie)紋(wen)(wen)，裂(lie)紋(wen)(wen)平行于焊(han)縫(feng)。采用宏觀形(xing)(xing)貌分(fen)(fen)析、化學成分(fen)(fen)分(fen)(fen)析、金相檢(jian)(jian)驗、顯(xian)微(wei)硬度(du)測定、能譜分(fen)(fen)析以及(ji)應(ying)力(li)(li)分(fen)(fen)析等方法對(dui)泄(xie)(xie)漏(lou)處(chu)進行了分(fen)(fen)析。結果表明，汽(qi)(qi)(qi)包(bao)(bao)中水質含有較(jiao)高濃度(du)的堿性元素(su)(su)和氯(lv)、硫、氧等強腐(fu)蝕(shi)性元素(su)(su)，又在焊(han)接殘余應(ying)力(li)(li)的作用下發生應(ying)力(li)(li)腐(fu)蝕(shi)開裂(lie)，最后導致汽(qi)(qi)(qi)包(bao)(bao)封(feng)(feng)(feng)頭產生泄(xie)(xie)漏(lou)。應(ying)力(li)(li)腐(fu)蝕(shi)；沿晶；堿脆；軋制帶狀組織(zhi)某化工廠換(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)包(bao)(bao)于1996年(nian)投(tou)入使用，于2005年(nian)上半年(nian)維護(hu)檢(jian)(jian)修(xiu)時發現(xian)滲漏(lou)。經(jing)去除外(wai)面保溫材(cai)料后，發現(xian)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)包(bao)(bao)封(feng)(feng)(feng)頭的蓋板角焊(han)縫(feng)位置出現(xian)裂(lie)紋(wen)(wen)，裂(lie)紋(wen)(wen)為穿透型，起源于汽(qi)(qi)(qi)包(bao)(bao)封(feng)(feng)(feng)頭內表面，換(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)外(wai)形(xing)(xing)尺寸為1632mm9423mm，汽(qi)(qi)(qi)包(bao)(bao)封(feng)(feng)(feng)頭外(wai)形(xing)(xing)尺寸1632mm400mm，汽(qi)(qi)(qi)包(bao)(bao)封(feng)(feng)(feng)頭材(cai)料為16MnR鋼。

換熱器板(ban)(ban)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)拆開前,應丈量板(ban)(ban)束的(de)壓緊長度(du)尺度(du),做好記錄(重裝時(shi)應按此(ci)尺度(du)). b.密(mi)封(feng)(feng)墊片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)若粘(zhan)在兩板(ban)(ban)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)間(jian)的(de)溝槽(cao)內,此(ci)刻需(xu)用螺絲(si)刀(dao)小心腸將(jiang)其分(fen)隔(ge),螺絲(si)刀(dao)應先從易剝開的(de)部位插入,然(ran)后沿其周邊進行別離,切不可損(sun)壞換熱器板(ban)(ban)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)和密(mi)封(feng)(feng)墊片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian) 替換新(xin)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)墊片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)時(shi),需(xu)要用丙酮或其他(ta)酮類有(you)機溶劑,將(jiang)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)墊片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)溝槽(cao)擦凈.再用毛刷將(jiang)合(he)成樹脂粘(zhan)接劑均勻涂在溝槽(cao)里..查看換熱器板(ban)(ban)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)是否(fou)有(you)穿孔,一(yi)般用5倍的(de)放大鏡,有(you)時(shi)也可用燈火或火油滲(shen)透法等逐(zhu)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)查看.e.假(jia)如發現介(jie)質出入口短管及通道(dao)有(you)雜物堆積(ji),則闡明過濾(lv)器失效(xiao),應及時(shi)清洗.