在檢(jian)(jian)修(xiu)維護換熱(re)器(qi)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)包(bao)(bao)時發現(xian)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)包(bao)(bao)封頭(tou)(tou)泄漏，在汽(qi)(qi)(qi)包(bao)(bao)封頭(tou)(tou)的(de)閥(fa)蓋角焊(han)(han)縫(feng)處出現(xian)裂紋(wen)(wen)，裂紋(wen)(wen)平行(xing)于焊(han)(han)縫(feng)。采用宏(hong)觀形貌分(fen)析(xi)、化(hua)學成分(fen)分(fen)析(xi)、金相檢(jian)(jian)驗、顯微硬(ying)度測定(ding)、能譜分(fen)析(xi)以及應力(li)(li)分(fen)析(xi)等方法對泄漏處進(jin)行(xing)了(le)分(fen)析(xi)。結果表明(ming)，汽(qi)(qi)(qi)包(bao)(bao)中水質含有(you)較高濃度的(de)堿性元(yuan)素(su)和氯(lv)、硫、氧(yang)等強腐蝕性元(yuan)素(su)，又在焊(han)(han)接殘余應力(li)(li)的(de)作用下發生應力(li)(li)腐蝕開裂，最后導致(zhi)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)包(bao)(bao)封頭(tou)(tou)產生泄漏。應力(li)(li)腐蝕；沿晶；堿脆；軋制帶狀組織某化(hua)工廠換熱(re)器(qi)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)包(bao)(bao)于1996年投入(ru)使(shi)用，于2005年上半年維護檢(jian)(jian)修(xiu)時發現(xian)滲漏。經去除(chu)外(wai)(wai)面保溫材料后，發現(xian)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)包(bao)(bao)封頭(tou)(tou)的(de)蓋板角焊(han)(han)縫(feng)位置出現(xian)裂紋(wen)(wen)，裂紋(wen)(wen)為穿透型，起源于汽(qi)(qi)(qi)包(bao)(bao)封頭(tou)(tou)內(nei)表面，換熱(re)器(qi)外(wai)(wai)形尺寸(cun)為1632mm9423mm，汽(qi)(qi)(qi)包(bao)(bao)封頭(tou)(tou)外(wai)(wai)形尺寸(cun)1632mm400mm，汽(qi)(qi)(qi)包(bao)(bao)封頭(tou)(tou)材料為16MnR鋼。

封閉(bi)式(shi)(shi)(shi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻塔和(he)管(guan)(guan)殼式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)同(tong)屬于(yu)水換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻裝置，有著本質的(de)(de)區別(bie)。閉(bi)式(shi)(shi)(shi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻塔除了熱(re)(re)(re)交換(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)過程，可(ke)以直接蒸發吸(xi)熱(re)(re)(re)，將熱(re)(re)(re)量排走，而管(guan)(guan)殼式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)只能換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)，使用(yong)(yong)過程中(zhong)還(huan)需要另(ling)外的(de)(de)設(she)備進行排熱(re)(re)(re)。今(jin)天小衛給(gei)大家(jia)詳細(xi)介紹一(yi)下(xia)管(guan)(guan)殼式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)和(he)閉(bi)式(shi)(shi)(shi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻塔有著哪(na)些(xie)不(bu)同(tong)之處，在現實(shi)使用(yong)(yong)過程中(zhong)閉(bi)式(shi)(shi)(shi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻塔替代管(guan)(guan)殼式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)已成(cheng)趨一(yi)、封閉(bi)式(shi)(shi)(shi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻塔管(guan)(guan)殼式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)概(gai)念及結(jie)構(gou)(gou)管(guan)(guan)殼式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)（shell and tube heat exchanger）又稱(cheng)列管(guan)(guan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)。是以封閉(bi)在殼體中(zhong)管(guan)(guan)束的(de)(de)壁(bi)面(mian)作為(wei)傳熱(re)(re)(re)面(mian)的(de)(de)間壁(bi)式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)。這種換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)較簡單，操作 ，可(ke)用(yong)(yong)各種結(jie)構(gou)(gou)材料(liao)（主要是金(jin)屬材料(liao)）制造，能在高管(guan)(guan)殼式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)由殼體、傳熱(re)(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)束、管(guan)(guan)板(ban)、折流板(ban)（擋(dang)板(ban)）和(he)管(guan)(guan)箱等部件組成(cheng)。殼體多為(wei)圓筒形，內部裝有管(guan)(guan)束，管(guan)(guan)束兩端(duan)固(gu)定在管(guan)(guan)板(ban)上。

1. 本系列熱交換器，熱媒既可單為蒸汽或高溫、低溫熱水，華北板式熱交換器廠家亦可交替使用蒸汽或高、低溫熱水，設計選用時請注明熱媒品種。2. 本系列熱交換器必須設置安全裝置。下列三種可任選其一：(1) 熱交換器頂部設置安全閥，安全閥的選擇、使用和安裝應符合勞動部頒發的《壓力容器安全技術監察規程》的規定。(2) 頂部裝設接通大氣的引出管（在有條件的場合）。(3)裝設膨脹水箱。3. 本系列熱交換器的支座按標準選用，三個支座中，一個固定支座，兩個為活動支座。活動支座的地腳螺栓采用雙螺母，板式熱交換器第(di)一個螺母(mu)在(zai)加一小墊(dian)片擰緊(jin)(jin)后倒退(tui)一圈，然后用第(di)二(er)個螺母(mu)鎖(suo)緊(jin)(jin)，以便支座能在(zai)基礎(chu)上自由滑動。4. 在(zai)使(shi)用中(zhong)，應(ying)根據被加熱(re)水(shui)水(shui)質與使(shi)用情(qing)況定(ding)期清理水(shui)垢，當被加熱(re)水(shui)硬度較(jiao)高(gao)時，宜(yi)采用適宜(yi)的軟化措施

管(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)式(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)又稱(cheng)列管(guan)(guan)式(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)。是以(yi)封閉(bi)在(zai)殼(ke)(ke)體中管(guan)(guan)束的壁(bi)面(mian)作為傳熱(re)(re)面(mian)的間壁(bi)式(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)。這種換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)結構較簡單(dan)，操作可靠，可用(yong)(yong)各種結構材(cai)料(liao)制(zhi)造，能(neng)在(zai)高溫、高壓下(xia)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，是目前(qian)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)廣(guang)泛的類型。在(zai)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)一段時間之后對管(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)式(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)清洗非常的重要，一般由(you)于工業上使(shi)用(yong)(yong)長久管(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)式(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)里面(mian)的管(guan)(guan)道會(hui)出現(xian)各種灰塵(chen)和沉淀(dian)物的粘黏，導(dao)致換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)效率下(xia)降，變相提高生(sheng)產成(cheng)本，嚴(yan)重還會(hui)導(dao)致管(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)式(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命，造成(cheng)損(sun)失。清洗有利于提高換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)效率:管(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)式(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)或管(guan)(guan)道運行一段時間后，表面(mian)往往會(hui)結一層污(wu)(wu)(wu)垢，污(wu)(wu)(wu)垢一般較為致密(mi)堅硬(ying)，熱(re)(re)導(dao)率很(hen)小。污(wu)(wu)(wu)垢的阻(zu)礙效率大得(de)驚人(ren)，里面(mian)的有機離子(zi)、灰塵(chen)若(ruo)無重視(shi)可能(neng)導(dao)致不可避免的其他問題的產生(sheng)。

板(ban)(ban)式換熱(re)器(qi)本身技術(shu)指(zhi)標(biao)上存在過(guo)流孔徑,進(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)請求,經過(guo)比照(zhao)實踐進(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)指(zhi)標(biao)(冷水(shui)(shui)(shui)進(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi),熱(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)進(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)),需求留意(yi)一下幾(ji)點：進(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)酸(suan)堿性(包括冷水(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)用于換熱(re)的熱(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)),假(jia)如超出板(ban)(ban)式換熱(re)器(qi)進(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)技術(shu)指(zhi)標(biao),需求加(jia)裝(zhuang)PH調(diao)理安裝(zhuang),避免過(guo)酸(suan)腐蝕(shi)或者(zhe)過(guo)堿構造梗(geng)塞;同事堿性也會腐蝕(shi)換熱(re)器(qi)密封橡膠圈招(zhao)致走漏呈(cheng)現(xian).假(jia)如進(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)濁(zhuo)度超標(biao)或進(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)中雜質(zhi)過(guo)多過(guo)大(包括冷水(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)用于換熱(re)的熱(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)),倡議(yi)加(jia)裝(zhuang)自清(qing)洗過(guo)濾(lv)器(qi),避免板(ban)(ban)式換熱(re)器(qi)梗(geng)塞,假(jia)如影(ying)響不(bu)是(shi)很大,只需在進(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)端加(jia)裝(zhuang)Y型過(guo)濾(lv)器(qi)即(ji)可.閉路循(xun)環(huan)要思索(suo)增(zeng)加(jia)加(jia)藥安裝(zhuang),如投加(jia)緩蝕(shi)阻垢(gou)劑(ji)避免結垢(gou)。