管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(shell and tube heat exchanger)又稱(cheng)列(lie)(lie)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)是(shi)以封閉在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)體(ti)(ti)中管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)的壁面作為(wei)(wei)傳熱(re)(re)(re)(re)面的間(jian)壁式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)。這種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)結構較簡(jian)單，操作可靠，可用(yong)各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)結構材(cai)料（主要是(shi)金屬材(cai)料）制造，能在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)高(gao)(gao)溫、高(gao)(gao)壓下使用(yong)，是(shi)目前(qian)應用(yong)廣的類型。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)是(shi)怎(zen)樣(yang)運行(xing)的管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)由殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)體(ti)(ti)、傳熱(re)(re)(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板、折流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)板（擋板）和管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱等部件(jian)組成。殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)體(ti)(ti)多為(wei)(wei)圓筒形，內(nei)部裝(zhuang)有管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)兩端固定在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板上。進行(xing)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)的冷熱(re)(re)(re)(re)兩種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)，一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)動(dong)，稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)；另一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外(wai)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)動(dong)，稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)。為(wei)(wei)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外(wai)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)的傳熱(re)(re)(re)(re)分系(xi)數(shu)，通常在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)體(ti)(ti)內(nei)安裝(zhuang)若干(gan)擋板。擋板可提(ti)高(gao)(gao)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)速度，迫(po)使流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)按規定路程(cheng)多次橫向通過(guo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)，增(zeng)強(qiang)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)湍(tuan)(tuan)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)度。換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板上可按等邊三(san)角形或正方形排(pai)列(lie)(lie)。等邊三(san)角形排(pai)列(lie)(lie)較緊湊(cou)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外(wai)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)湍(tuan)(tuan)動(dong)程(cheng)度高(gao)(gao)，傳熱(re)(re)(re)(re)分系(xi)數(shu)大(da)；正方形排(pai)列(lie)(lie)則管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外(wai)清洗方便，適(shi)用(yong)于易結垢的流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)。

為了使管板可以控制所有的方式浮動，上海板式熱交換器控制外邊緣與殼壁之間形成一個17 ~ 23環隙寬度，不僅減少了管的數量、結構和管殼式換熱器，容易造成短路的殼側的設計，因此需要焊接縱向旁路風門擋板之間，旁路擋板的可控制的方式。管殼式換熱器的好處有多少通過不雅檢查、無損檢測、厚度測試、水壓試驗和氣密性試驗，確定了故障部位。U形管的數量較少，傳熱面積較小。由于換熱器自身設計的特點和產品更新換代的加快，傳統的人工護理和人工繪圖的設計過程已不能適應其發展。殼式換熱器是換熱器的基礎型式之一，在工業上應用于九世紀。板式熱交換器此副本可用(yong)于選(xuan)(xuan)擇所選(xuan)(xuan)有機物的(de)合適的(de)熱交換器，并(bing)(bing)適當(dang)地放(fang)置操作(zuo)管(guan)線(xian)，并(bing)(bing)選(xuan)(xuan)擇適當(dang)的(de)離心泵進(jin)行特定的(de)索賠。

管(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)式(shi)(shi)換(huan)熱器(qi)(qi)又(you)稱列管(guan)(guan)(guan)式(shi)(shi)換(huan)熱器(qi)(qi)。是以封閉在(zai)殼(ke)(ke)體中管(guan)(guan)(guan)束的壁(bi)(bi)面作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)傳熱面的間壁(bi)(bi)式(shi)(shi)換(huan)熱器(qi)(qi)。這種換(huan)熱器(qi)(qi)結(jie)構較簡單，操作(zuo)(zuo)可靠，可用(yong)各(ge)種結(jie)構材料制造，能在(zai)高(gao)溫、高(gao)壓下使用(yong)，是目(mu)前(qian)應用(yong)廣泛的類型。在(zai)使用(yong)一(yi)段時間之(zhi)后(hou)對管(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)式(shi)(shi)換(huan)熱器(qi)(qi)清洗非常的重要，一(yi)般(ban)由于(yu)工業上使用(yong)長久管(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)式(shi)(shi)換(huan)熱器(qi)(qi)里面的管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)會出現各(ge)種灰(hui)塵和(he)沉淀物(wu)的粘黏(nian)，導致(zhi)換(huan)熱效(xiao)(xiao)率下降，變相(xiang)提(ti)高(gao)生(sheng)產(chan)成(cheng)本(ben)，嚴重還會導致(zhi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)式(shi)(shi)換(huan)熱器(qi)(qi)使用(yong)壽命，造成(cheng)損失。清洗有利于(yu)提(ti)高(gao)換(huan)熱效(xiao)(xiao)率:管(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)式(shi)(shi)換(huan)熱器(qi)(qi)或管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)運行一(yi)段時間后(hou)，表面往(wang)往(wang)會結(jie)一(yi)層(ceng)污(wu)(wu)垢(gou)(gou)，污(wu)(wu)垢(gou)(gou)一(yi)般(ban)較為(wei)致(zhi)密堅硬，熱導率很小。污(wu)(wu)垢(gou)(gou)的阻礙效(xiao)(xiao)率大(da)得驚(jing)人，里面的有機離(li)子、灰(hui)塵若無(wu)重視可能導致(zhi)不可避免的其他(ta)問題(ti)的產(chan)生(sheng)。

管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)是把換(huan)熱(re)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)與(yu)(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)(ban)連接(jie)后，再(zai)用筒體與(yu)(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)包起來，形(xing)成(cheng)兩(liang)個(ge)獨(du)立的(de)(de)(de)空間。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內的(de)(de)(de)通(tong)道及與(yu)(yu)其(qi)相貫通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)稱(cheng)為(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程；管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外的(de)(de)(de)通(tong)道及與(yu)(yu)其(qi)相貫通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)部分稱(cheng)為(wei)殼(ke)(ke)程。一種流體在(zai)(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內流動，而另一種流體在(zai)(zai)殼(ke)(ke)與(yu)(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)之間從管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外表面流過，為(wei)了保證殼(ke)(ke)程流體能夠(gou)橫向(xiang)流過管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)，以(yi)形(xing)成(cheng)較高的(de)(de)(de)傳熱(re)速率(lv)，在(zai)(zai)外殼(ke)(ke)上裝有許多擋板(ban)(ban)。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)腐(fu)蝕和(he)磨蝕失效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)主要原(yuan)因管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)使(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)過程中可能會發生失效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)情況，常見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)失效(xiao)(xiao)是管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)失效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)情況管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)腐(fu)蝕和(he)磨蝕失效(xiao)(xiao)、傳熱(re)能力下(xia)降、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)泄漏.以(yi)下(xia)是關于管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)官術失效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)具(ju)體介紹。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)出現管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)失效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)情況有哪些(xie)?管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)失效(xiao)(xiao)大多數(shu)是由腐(fu)蝕引起的(de)(de)(de)。最(zui)常見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)腐(fu)蝕部位(wei)是換(huan)熱(re)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),然(ran)后依次是管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)(ban)、換(huan)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)封頭 及小直(zhi)徑的(de)(de)(de)接(jie)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。