在檢修維護(hu)換(huan)熱器(qi)汽(qi)(qi)包(bao)時(shi)發現(xian)(xian)汽(qi)(qi)包(bao)封(feng)頭(tou)泄漏(lou)(lou)，在汽(qi)(qi)包(bao)封(feng)頭(tou)的閥蓋角焊縫(feng)處出(chu)現(xian)(xian)裂(lie)(lie)紋，裂(lie)(lie)紋平(ping)行(xing)于(yu)焊縫(feng)。采用(yong)(yong)宏(hong)觀(guan)形貌(mao)分(fen)析(xi)、化(hua)(hua)學成分(fen)分(fen)析(xi)、金相檢驗、顯(xian)微硬(ying)度測定(ding)、能譜(pu)分(fen)析(xi)以及(ji)應(ying)力(li)分(fen)析(xi)等(deng)方法對泄漏(lou)(lou)處進行(xing)了(le)分(fen)析(xi)。結果表明，汽(qi)(qi)包(bao)中水質含有較(jiao)高濃度的堿性元素和(he)氯(lv)、硫(liu)、氧(yang)等(deng)強(qiang)腐(fu)蝕性元素，又(you)在焊接殘余應(ying)力(li)的作用(yong)(yong)下發生應(ying)力(li)腐(fu)蝕開裂(lie)(lie)，最后導致汽(qi)(qi)包(bao)封(feng)頭(tou)產生泄漏(lou)(lou)。應(ying)力(li)腐(fu)蝕；沿晶；堿脆；軋制帶狀組織某化(hua)(hua)工廠換(huan)熱器(qi)汽(qi)(qi)包(bao)于(yu)1996年投入使用(yong)(yong)，于(yu)2005年上半(ban)年維護(hu)檢修時(shi)發現(xian)(xian)滲(shen)漏(lou)(lou)。經(jing)去(qu)除外(wai)面保溫(wen)材料后，發現(xian)(xian)汽(qi)(qi)包(bao)封(feng)頭(tou)的蓋板角焊縫(feng)位置出(chu)現(xian)(xian)裂(lie)(lie)紋，裂(lie)(lie)紋為(wei)穿透型，起源于(yu)汽(qi)(qi)包(bao)封(feng)頭(tou)內表面，換(huan)熱器(qi)外(wai)形尺寸(cun)為(wei)1632mm9423mm，汽(qi)(qi)包(bao)封(feng)頭(tou)外(wai)形尺寸(cun)1632mm400mm，汽(qi)(qi)包(bao)封(feng)頭(tou)材料為(wei)16MnR鋼。

鈦(tai)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)特點：鈦(tai)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)因(yin)金屬(shu)離子(zi)不易流失、所(suo)以可充分(fen)利用這種(zhong)非磁性特點，用做制(zhi)藥(yao)及食(shi)品等用途(tu)的(de)(de)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)。由于鈦(tai)的(de)(de)抗腐蝕能(neng)力強、所(suo)以器(qi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)的(de)(de)使(shi)用壽命(ming)長、并(bing)且(qie)在使(shi)用中維護費用也(ye)少。此外、因(yin)其具有體積小、換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)能(neng)力大等優點、相(xiang)關設備（如(ru)泵）的(de)(de)投資(zi)及運行(xing)費用也(ye)能(neng)相(xiang)應(ying)減少鈦(tai)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)(huan)器(qi)應(ying)用范圍(wei)：鈦(tai)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)憑借(jie)工業純(chun)鈦(tai)的(de)(de)各種(zhong)優良(liang)性質，廣泛應(ying)用于各類海鮮養殖，海水(shui)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)，鹽水(shui)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)，化工，食(shi)品，醫藥(yao)，冶金，制(zhi)冷，輕工，電鍍行(xing)業、鋁氧化槽(cao)、制(zhi)鹽、造(zao)紙(zhi)、超聲波(bo)、電子(zi)通訊、集中供熱(re)(re)(re)(re)等行(xing)業和領(ling)域。

　換熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)比(bi)較常見的(de)工(gong)業(ye)設備，能夠將熱(re)(re)(re)(re)流體設備的(de)一部分(fen)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)量傳送到(dao)溫(wen)度(du)(du)相(xiang)對較低(di)的(de)設備中(zhong)。根據不(bu)同(tong)(tong)標(biao)準分(fen)類(lei)，可以將換熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)分(fen)成不(bu)同(tong)(tong)類(lei)別，不(bu)同(tong)(tong)類(lei)別的(de)換熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)之間是(shi)(shi)存在差異(yi)的(de)，有各自(zi)的(de)優缺點，適用的(de)場合也不(bu)盡相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)。1、在運轉換熱(re)(re)(re)(re)設備前(qian)要(yao)先(xian)檢查全(quan)部接收(shou)能否曾(ceng)經擰(ning)緊，定奪系統參數(shu)不(bu)會超越制造(zao)標(biao)簽上容(rong)許的(de)工(gong)作壓力和溫(wen)度(du)(du)值。2、在啟動泵(beng)(beng)之前(qian)，應該(gai)先(xian)把容(rong)積式(shi)換熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)的(de)全(quan)部閥(fa)門和放氣閥(fa)都翻開，封(feng)閉換熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)的(de)進口閥(fa)。3、啟動泵(beng)(beng)后，慢慢翻開泵(beng)(beng)的(de)出口閥(fa)，使壓力慢慢上升，為防止(zhi)單(dan)側超壓，進容(rong)積式(shi)換熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)的(de)兩種(zhong)介(jie)質(zhi)的(de)進口閥(fa)應該(gai)同(tong)(tong)時翻開，或先(xian)遲緩地注(zhu)(zhu)入低(di)壓側介(jie)質(zhi)，再遲緩注(zhu)(zhu)入高(gao)壓測介(jie)質(zhi)。

容積(ji)式(shi)換熱器(qi)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)泵(beng)出口(kou)處(chu)止回(hui)(hui)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)前(qian)(qian)(qian)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)，當用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)運(yun)行時(shi)，即用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)泵(beng)啟動(dong)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)前(qian)(qian)(qian)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)，當用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)內(nei)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)超過定(ding)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(確(que)保(bao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)不倒(dao)空)后，電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)前(qian)(qian)(qian)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)自(zi)動(dong)開啟，用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)回(hui)(hui)水(shui)(shui)經閥(fa)(fa)(fa)前(qian)(qian)(qian)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)定(ding)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)為用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)定(ding)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)，并容積(ji)式(shi)換熱器(qi)減(jian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)至和熱網回(hui)(hui)水(shui)(shui)管壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)相(xiang)同；當用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)容積(ji)式(shi)換熱器(qi)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)泵(beng)停止運(yun)行時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)前(qian)(qian)(qian)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)自(zi)動(dong)關閉，這樣用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)內(nei)的(de)水(shui)(shui)就(jiu)(jiu)被密閉起來(lai)，如果不漏水(shui)(shui)，可保(bao)證用(yong)(yong)(yong)容積(ji)式(shi)換熱器(qi)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)內(nei)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)在較長時(shi)間維持(chi)在定(ding)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)左右。也(ye)就(jiu)(jiu)是說，不論增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)冪運(yun)行還是不運(yun)行，用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)系(xi)締內(nei)的(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)都(dou)町堆持(chi)在倧壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)范圍內(nei)。

封閉式冷卻塔和管殼式換熱器同屬于水換熱冷卻裝置，有著本質的區別。閉式冷卻塔除了熱交換的過程，可以直接蒸發吸熱，生活熱水設備將熱量排走，而管殼式換熱器只能換熱，使用過程中還需要另外的設備進行排熱。生活熱水設備廠家今天(tian)小衛給大(da)家詳細介紹一下管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)式換(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)和閉式冷卻(que)塔有(you)著哪些不同之處，在(zai)現實使用過(guo)程中(zhong)閉式冷卻(que)塔替代管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)式換(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)已成(cheng)趨一、封閉式冷卻(que)塔管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)式換(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)概念及結構管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)式換(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)（shell and tube heat exchanger）又稱列管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)式換(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)。是(shi)以封閉在(zai)殼(ke)體(ti)中(zhong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)的壁(bi)面作為傳熱面的間壁(bi)式換(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)。這種(zhong)換(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)結構較簡單，操作 ，可用各(ge)種(zhong)結構材料（主要是(shi)金屬(shu)材料）制造，能在(zai)高管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)式換(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)由殼(ke)體(ti)、傳熱管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)、折流板(ban)（擋(dang)板(ban)）和管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)等(deng)部件組成(cheng)。殼(ke)體(ti)多為圓(yuan)筒形，內部裝有(you)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)兩端固定(ding)在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)上。

一種容(rong)(rong)(rong)積式熱(re)(re)(re)(re)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，它(ta)由器(qi)(qi)(qi)體、器(qi)(qi)(qi)體內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蒸汽(qi)盤管(guan)組件以(yi)及蒸汽(qi)進(jin)口與出(chu)口，冷水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)進(jin)口與熱(re)(re)(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)出(chu)口組成，其特征在(zai)于(yu)所述的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)器(qi)(qi)(qi)體（1）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內表面上(shang)噴涂(tu)有一層(ceng)高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)熔化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防腐合(he)金層(ceng)。容(rong)(rong)(rong)積式換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是在(zai)普通浮(fu)動(dong)盤管(guan)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang)加(jia)大容(rong)(rong)(rong)積制成。主(zhu)要用(yong)于(yu)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)供(gong)應(ying)系統。一般出(chu)口應(ying)加(jia)設自動(dong)控溫(wen)(wen)(wen)裝置以(yi)保證洗澡(zao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)或衛生熱(re)(re)(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適宜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)。它(ta)除全面具備(bei)普通浮(fu)動(dong)盤管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)所有優點外，還可(ke)貯存一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)，以(yi)保證熱(re)(re)(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)及時(shi)供(gong)應(ying)。1、容(rong)(rong)(rong)積式換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)媒溫(wen)(wen)(wen)降大。汽(qi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)時(shi)，凝結水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)出(chu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)約50℃，回水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)上(shang)下(xia)需(xu)設疏(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，給使用(yong)維修帶來(lai)方便，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)－水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)時(shi)，熱(re)(re)(re)(re)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)降為同型換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2～2.5倍(bei)，120～150℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)后可(ke)降至(zhi)70～75℃。2、容(rong)(rong)(rong)積式換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)效果好，散熱(re)(re)(re)(re)效果好，散熱(re)(re)(re)(re)損失小，節能。