在檢(jian)修(xiu)維(wei)護換(huan)熱器(qi)汽(qi)包(bao)時發(fa)現(xian)汽(qi)包(bao)封(feng)頭(tou)泄(xie)漏(lou)(lou)，在汽(qi)包(bao)封(feng)頭(tou)的閥蓋(gai)(gai)角焊縫處出(chu)現(xian)裂紋(wen)(wen)，裂紋(wen)(wen)平行于焊縫。采(cai)用宏觀形貌分(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)、化學成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)、金相檢(jian)驗(yan)、顯微硬度測定、能譜分(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)以及(ji)應(ying)(ying)力分(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)等方(fang)法對泄(xie)漏(lou)(lou)處進行了分(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)。結果表(biao)明(ming)，汽(qi)包(bao)中水(shui)質含有較高濃(nong)度的堿(jian)性(xing)元素和氯(lv)、硫、氧等強腐蝕(shi)性(xing)元素，又(you)在焊接殘(can)余應(ying)(ying)力的作用下發(fa)生應(ying)(ying)力腐蝕(shi)開裂，最后(hou)導致汽(qi)包(bao)封(feng)頭(tou)產生泄(xie)漏(lou)(lou)。應(ying)(ying)力腐蝕(shi)；沿晶；堿(jian)脆；軋制帶狀組織某化工廠(chang)換(huan)熱器(qi)汽(qi)包(bao)于1996年投入使用，于2005年上(shang)半年維(wei)護檢(jian)修(xiu)時發(fa)現(xian)滲(shen)漏(lou)(lou)。經去(qu)除外(wai)面(mian)保溫材(cai)料后(hou)，發(fa)現(xian)汽(qi)包(bao)封(feng)頭(tou)的蓋(gai)(gai)板(ban)角焊縫位置出(chu)現(xian)裂紋(wen)(wen)，裂紋(wen)(wen)為穿透(tou)型(xing)，起源于汽(qi)包(bao)封(feng)頭(tou)內表(biao)面(mian)，換(huan)熱器(qi)外(wai)形尺(chi)寸為1632mm9423mm，汽(qi)包(bao)封(feng)頭(tou)外(wai)形尺(chi)寸1632mm400mm，汽(qi)包(bao)封(feng)頭(tou)材(cai)料為16MnR鋼。

管(guan)殼式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)其壽命設計的(de)管(guan)殼式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)約為(wei)30年(nian)左(zuo)右(you)，為(wei)4年(nian)左(zuo)右(you)的(de)檢(jian)修(xiu)期，如果換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)泄(xie)漏(lou)(lou)，可(ke)能是管(guan)和(he)管(guan)道泄(xie)漏(lou)(lou)引起的(de)泄(xie)漏(lou)(lou)或破裂的(de)管(guan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)之間，壁管(guan)方(fang)法(fa)可(ke)在(zai)短(duan)時間內恢(hui)復工作(zuo)業(ye)績，讓7%堵冠宇管(guan)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)。根據橡膠球清(qing)洗(xi)裝(zhuang)置的(de)需要，可(ke)進(jin)行定期的(de)機械清(qing)洗(xi)。這(zhe)個(ge)方(fang)法(fa)很簡單。 板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)的(de)維護方(fang)法(fa)：專業(ye)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)具有體(ti)積小、重量輕等(deng)特點，維修(xiu)方(fang)便(bian)，不需要設置吊裝(zhuang)設施，安裝(zhuang)面積少。板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)的(de)手動(dong)維護包(bao)括整個(ge)機器(qi)(qi)的(de)折(zhe)疊，用(yong)(yong)噴水槍和(he)毛刷清(qing)洗(xi)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)和(he)墊片(pian)，必要時檢(jian)查板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)和(he)墊片(pian)，必要時更換(huan)(huan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)和(he)墊片(pian)。管(guan)殼式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)和(he)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)如何維修(xiu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)通(tong)常每年(nian)需要清(qing)洗(xi)一次，無論是否實(shi)用(yong)(yong)，都要做。

管(guan)殼(ke)式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)又稱列管(guan)式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)。是(shi)以封(feng)閉(bi)在殼(ke)體中管(guan)束的(de)壁面(mian)(mian)作為(wei)(wei)傳熱(re)(re)(re)(re)面(mian)(mian)的(de)間(jian)(jian)壁式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)。這種(zhong)(zhong)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)結構較簡單，操(cao)作可靠，可用(yong)(yong)各種(zhong)(zhong)結構材料制造，能(neng)(neng)在高(gao)(gao)溫、高(gao)(gao)壓下使用(yong)(yong)，是(shi)目前應(ying)用(yong)(yong)廣泛的(de)類(lei)型。在使用(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)段(duan)時間(jian)(jian)之后對管(guan)殼(ke)式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)清洗非常的(de)重要，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)由于工(gong)業(ye)上(shang)使用(yong)(yong)長久管(guan)殼(ke)式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)里面(mian)(mian)的(de)管(guan)道會出現(xian)各種(zhong)(zhong)灰塵(chen)和沉淀物的(de)粘黏，導致(zhi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)效率(lv)下降，變相提高(gao)(gao)生產(chan)成本，嚴重還會導致(zhi)管(guan)殼(ke)式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)使用(yong)(yong)壽命，造成損失。清洗有利于提高(gao)(gao)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)效率(lv):管(guan)殼(ke)式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)或管(guan)道運(yun)行一(yi)(yi)段(duan)時間(jian)(jian)后，表面(mian)(mian)往往會結一(yi)(yi)層污(wu)垢(gou)(gou)，污(wu)垢(gou)(gou)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)較為(wei)(wei)致(zhi)密堅硬，熱(re)(re)(re)(re)導率(lv)很(hen)小。污(wu)垢(gou)(gou)的(de)阻礙效率(lv)大得驚人，里面(mian)(mian)的(de)有機離子(zi)、灰塵(chen)若無重視可能(neng)(neng)導致(zhi)不可避免的(de)其(qi)他(ta)問(wen)題的(de)產(chan)生。

產品介紹一(yi)、本熱(re)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)器(qi)(qi)適(shi)用(yong)于(yu)一(yi)般工(gong)業及民用(yong)建筑的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)水(shui)(shui)供應系統。按加熱(re)管(guan)型(xing)(xing)式(shi)，分(fen)為甲型(xing)(xing)(U型(xing)(xing)管(guan)式(shi))乙型(xing)(xing)(盤管(guan)式(shi))兩(liang)種(zhong)，加熱(re)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)材料有(you)碳素(su)鋼(gang)和黃銅管(guan)兩(liang)種(zhong)。二、立(li)式(shi)容(rong)積式(shi)熱(re)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)表面設(she)(she)(she)置保(bao)溫層。三、熱(re)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)器(qi)(qi)必須(xu)設(she)(she)(she)置安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)裝(zhuang)置一(yi)列三種(zhong)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)裝(zhuang)置可選其中(zhong)一(yi)種(zhong)裝(zhuang)設(she)(she)(she)與(yu)熱(re)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)器(qi)(qi)上。a.在熱(re)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)器(qi)(qi)頂部安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)設(she)(she)(she)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)閥。安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)閥的(de)(de)(de)壓力(li)必須(xu)與(yu)熱(re)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)的(de)(de)(de)最高工(gong)作(zuo)壓力(li)相適(shi)應(在向(xiang)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)閥生產廠訂貨時(shi)需加以申明)。安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)閥的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)與(yu)使用(yong)應符合(he)勞動人事部《壓力(li)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)技術檢查規定(ding)》b.在熱(re)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)器(qi)(qi)頂部裝(zhuang)設(she)(she)(she)接通大氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)引出(chu)管(guan)(有(you)條(tiao)件的(de)(de)(de)場合(he)).裝(zhuang)設(she)(she)(she)膨脹水(shui)(shui)箱(xiang)，與(yu)熱(re)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)器(qi)(qi)連接，以放出(chu)膨脹部分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)。附注：若(ruo)水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)含有(you)硬度鹽類，在使用(yong)熱(re)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)換(huan)器(qi)(qi)時(shi)，器(qi)(qi)壁及管(guan)壁會形成水(shui)(shui)垢，導致換(huan)熱(re)效率降低，能耗增加，甚至影響(xiang)使用(yong)。故應采取一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)措施。

寬流道板式換熱器在石油化工行業中的應用是十分廣泛的，其重要性也是顯而宜見的，換熱設備利用率的高低直接影響到煉油工藝的效率以及成本的費用問題。云南容積式換熱器哪家好據統計換熱器在化工建設中約占投資的1/5。因此，換熱器的利用率及壽命是值得研究的重要問題。由寬流道板式換熱器的損壞原因來看,腐蝕是一個十分重要的原因，而且換熱器的腐蝕是大量的普遍存在的，能夠解決好腐蝕問題，就等于解決了換熱器損壞的根本。容積式換熱器哪家好在(zai)周圍介質(zhi)的(de)(de)化學(xue)或電化學(xue)的(de)(de)作用下(xia)，并且經常(chang)是(shi)在(zai)和物理、機械或生(sheng)物學(xue)因素的(de)(de)共(gong)同作用下(xia)金屬產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)破壞(huai)，也即金屬在(zai)它所處環境的(de)(de)作用下(xia)所產(chan)生(sheng)破壞(huai)。列管式換熱器在(zai)制作時，管板與列管的(de)(de)焊接一般采用手工電弧焊，焊縫(feng)(feng)形狀存(cun)在(zai)不同程度的(de)(de)缺陷，如凹陷、氣孔、夾渣等，焊縫(feng)(feng)應(ying)力的(de)(de)分布也不均勻。

管(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(shell and tube heat exchanger)又稱列管(guan)(guan)(guan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)。管(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)是以(yi)封閉在(zai)殼(ke)體(ti)(ti)中管(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)的(de)壁(bi)面作(zuo)為傳(chuan)(chuan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)面的(de)間壁(bi)式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)。這種換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)結構較(jiao)簡單(dan)，操作(zuo)可靠，可用(yong)各種結構材(cai)料(liao)（主要是金屬(shu)材(cai)料(liao)）制(zhi)造，能在(zai)高溫、高壓(ya)下使(shi)用(yong)，是目前(qian)應用(yong)廣的(de)類型。管(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)是怎樣運(yun)行的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)由殼(ke)體(ti)(ti)、傳(chuan)(chuan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)、折流(liu)板(ban)（擋板(ban)）和管(guan)(guan)(guan)箱等(deng)(deng)部件組成(cheng)。殼(ke)體(ti)(ti)多(duo)為圓筒形(xing)(xing)，內(nei)(nei)部裝(zhuang)有管(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)兩端固定在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)上。進行換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)的(de)冷(leng)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)兩種流(liu)體(ti)(ti)，一(yi)種在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)(nei)流(liu)動，稱為管(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)流(liu)體(ti)(ti)；另一(yi)種在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)外(wai)流(liu)動，稱為殼(ke)程(cheng)流(liu)體(ti)(ti)。為提(ti)高管(guan)(guan)(guan)外(wai)流(liu)體(ti)(ti)的(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)分系數，通(tong)常在(zai)殼(ke)體(ti)(ti)內(nei)(nei)安裝(zhuang)若干擋板(ban)。擋板(ban)可提(ti)高殼(ke)程(cheng)流(liu)體(ti)(ti)速度，迫(po)使(shi)流(liu)體(ti)(ti)按(an)規定路程(cheng)多(duo)次橫向通(tong)過管(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)，增(zeng)強(qiang)流(liu)體(ti)(ti)湍(tuan)流(liu)程(cheng)度。換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)上可按(an)等(deng)(deng)邊(bian)三角形(xing)(xing)或正(zheng)方(fang)(fang)形(xing)(xing)排(pai)(pai)列。等(deng)(deng)邊(bian)三角形(xing)(xing)排(pai)(pai)列較(jiao)緊(jin)湊，管(guan)(guan)(guan)外(wai)流(liu)體(ti)(ti)湍(tuan)動程(cheng)度高，傳(chuan)(chuan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)分系數大(da)；正(zheng)方(fang)(fang)形(xing)(xing)排(pai)(pai)列則管(guan)(guan)(guan)外(wai)清(qing)洗方(fang)(fang)便(bian)，適用(yong)于易結垢的(de)流(liu)體(ti)(ti)。