在檢修維護換熱器汽包時發現汽包封頭泄漏，在汽包封頭的閥蓋角焊縫處出現裂紋，裂紋平行于焊縫。采用宏觀形貌分析、化學成分分析、金相檢驗、顯微硬度測定、能譜分析以及應力分析等方法對泄漏處進行了分析。結果表明，汽包中水質含有較高濃度的堿性元素和氯、硫、氧等強腐蝕性元素，優質換熱機組價格又在焊接殘余應力的作用下發生應力腐蝕開裂，最后導致汽包封頭產生泄漏。應力腐蝕；沿晶；堿脆；軋制帶狀組織某化工廠換熱器汽包于1996年投入使用，于2005年上半年維護檢修時發現滲漏。南京換熱機組經去除(chu)外(wai)面保溫材料(liao)后，發現汽包(bao)封頭的蓋(gai)板角焊縫(feng)位(wei)置出(chu)現裂紋(wen)，裂紋(wen)為(wei)穿透型，起源于汽包(bao)封頭內表面，換熱(re)器外(wai)形尺(chi)寸為(wei)1632mm9423mm，汽包(bao)封頭外(wai)形尺(chi)寸1632mm400mm，汽包(bao)封頭材料(liao)為(wei)16MnR鋼。

容積(ji)式換熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)，它(ta)主(zhu)要由器(qi)體(ti)(ti)、蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)盤管組件，蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)收(shou)支口(kou)、冷(leng)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)水收(shou)支口(kou)等構(gou)成(cheng)，本實用新型為防(fang)(fang)止器(qi)體(ti)(ti)內表(biao)面(mian)(mian)腐化，在表(biao)面(mian)(mian)上噴涂有一層防(fang)(fang)腐合金(jin)層，并在合金(jin)層上刷制有油漆層，另取(qu)消(xiao)原(yuan)有管箱，蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)盤管通(tong)過(guo)法蘭間接外接，從而使本實用新型具有結(jie)構(gou)簡(jian)單公道、運用壽命長，換熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)結(jie)果好，節能等特點(dian)。容積(ji)式換熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)原(yuan)理(li)—原(yuan)理(li)換熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)是將熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)流(liu)體(ti)(ti)的(de)部分熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量通(tong)報給冷(leng)流(liu)體(ti)(ti)，使流(liu)體(ti)(ti)溫度到達工(gong)藝流(liu)程規則的(de)目標的(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量交流(liu)設(she)備，又稱熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)交流(liu)器(qi)，俗稱過(guo)水熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)。只需您家(jia)中有暖氣(qi)片，將換熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)串(chuan)聯到暖氣(qi)管道上，在不影(ying)響供暖的(de)條(tiao)件下，暖氣(qi)片當中的(de)高溫熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)水與自來水就會在設(she)備內部進行熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量交流(liu)。

管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)式(shi)(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)(shell and tube heat exchanger)又稱(cheng)列(lie)(lie)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)式(shi)(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)式(shi)(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)是以封閉在(zai)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)體(ti)(ti)中管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)的(de)(de)壁面作(zuo)為傳熱(re)(re)面的(de)(de)間壁式(shi)(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)。這種(zhong)換(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)結構較簡單，操(cao)作(zuo)可靠，可用各(ge)種(zhong)結構材(cai)料（主(zhu)要(yao)是金(jin)屬(shu)材(cai)料）制造，能在(zai)高溫、高壓下(xia)使(shi)用，是目前應用廣的(de)(de)類型。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)式(shi)(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)是怎樣運行的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)式(shi)(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)由殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)體(ti)(ti)、傳熱(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)(ban)、折流(liu)(liu)板(ban)(ban)（擋(dang)板(ban)(ban)）和管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱等(deng)部件組(zu)成(cheng)。殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)體(ti)(ti)多為圓筒形，內部裝有管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)兩(liang)端固定在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)(ban)上(shang)。進行換(huan)熱(re)(re)的(de)(de)冷熱(re)(re)兩(liang)種(zhong)流(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)，一種(zhong)在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內流(liu)(liu)動，稱(cheng)為管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)流(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)；另一種(zhong)在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外流(liu)(liu)動，稱(cheng)為殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)流(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)。為提高管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外流(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)傳熱(re)(re)分系數，通(tong)(tong)常在(zai)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)體(ti)(ti)內安裝若干擋(dang)板(ban)(ban)。擋(dang)板(ban)(ban)可提高殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)流(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)速度，迫使(shi)流(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)按規定路(lu)程(cheng)(cheng)多次(ci)橫向通(tong)(tong)過管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)，增強(qiang)流(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)湍流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)度。換(huan)熱(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)(ban)上(shang)可按等(deng)邊(bian)三(san)角形或正(zheng)方形排列(lie)(lie)。等(deng)邊(bian)三(san)角形排列(lie)(lie)較緊湊，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外流(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)湍動程(cheng)(cheng)度高，傳熱(re)(re)分系數大(da)；正(zheng)方形排列(lie)(lie)則管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外清洗方便，適用于易結垢的(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)。

管殼式(shi)(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)又稱列管式(shi)(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)。是以(yi)封閉在殼體中管束(shu)的(de)(de)(de)壁(bi)面(mian)作為(wei)傳(chuan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)間壁(bi)式(shi)(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)。這種(zhong)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)結(jie)(jie)構較簡(jian)單，操作可靠，可用(yong)各種(zhong)結(jie)(jie)構材料制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)，能在高溫、高壓(ya)下使(shi)用(yong)，是目前應(ying)用(yong)廣泛的(de)(de)(de)類(lei)型。在使(shi)用(yong)一(yi)段時間之后對管殼式(shi)(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)清洗非(fei)常的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)，一(yi)般由于工業(ye)上使(shi)用(yong)長久管殼式(shi)(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)里面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)管道會(hui)(hui)出(chu)現各種(zhong)灰塵和沉淀物的(de)(de)(de)粘黏(nian)，導致換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)效率下降，變相提(ti)高生產成(cheng)本(ben)，嚴重還(huan)會(hui)(hui)導致管殼式(shi)(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)使(shi)用(yong)壽命，造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)損(sun)失。清洗有利(li)于提(ti)高換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)效率:管殼式(shi)(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)或管道運行一(yi)段時間后，表面(mian)往往會(hui)(hui)結(jie)(jie)一(yi)層(ceng)污垢(gou)(gou)，污垢(gou)(gou)一(yi)般較為(wei)致密堅(jian)硬，熱(re)(re)(re)(re)導率很小。污垢(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)阻(zu)礙效率大得驚人，里面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)有機離子、灰塵若無重視可能導致不可避免的(de)(de)(de)其他問(wen)題的(de)(de)(de)產生。

管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)式(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)又稱列(lie)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)式(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)、列(lie)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)、殼(ke)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)式(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)、殼(ke)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)，關于管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)式(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)名稱各種叫法都(dou)有(you)，比較常見說法就是(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)式(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)和列(lie)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)式(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)式(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)組成及優點： 管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)式(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)主要有(you)殼(ke)體(ti)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)、折流(liu)板(ban)(ban)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)(ban)和封頭等部(bu)分組成，殼(ke)體(ti)多呈圓形(xing),內部(bu)裝(zhuang)有(you)平行(xing)(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)或者螺旋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)安裝(zhuang)在(zai)(zai)殼(ke)體(ti)內，兩端固定(ding)于管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)(ban)上，封頭用螺栓與殼(ke)體(ti)兩端的(de)法蘭(lan)相連(lian)。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)內進行(xing)(xing)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)的(de)兩種流(liu)體(ti)在(zai)(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)內進行(xing)(xing)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)的(de)兩種流(liu)體(ti)：（1）一(yi)種在(zai)(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內流(liu)動，其行(xing)(xing)程稱為管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程；（2）一(yi)種在(zai)(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外流(liu)動,其行(xing)(xing)程稱為殼(ke)程；（3）管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)的(de)壁面(mian)即(ji)為傳熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)面(mian)。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子的(de)型號不(bu)一(yi)，過程一(yi)般為直徑16mm20mm或者25mm三個型號；4）管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)壁厚(hou)度一(yi)般為1mm，1.5mm，2mm以及2.5mm。

1.主(zhu)換(huan)熱器(qi)(qi)熱端(duan)溫(wen)(wen)差(cha)偏大景象某(mou)廠12000m3爪空(kong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)設(she)備(bei)接納分(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)篩吸附凈(jing)化、增壓透(tou)平膨大、規整填(tian)料上塔(ta)(ta)及(ji)全(quan)精(jing)餾無氫制(zhi)氮外(wai)壓 縮流(liu)程。自空(kong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)設(she)備(bei)開車以來(lai)，用戶不斷(duan)反應主(zhu)換(huan)熱器(qi)(qi)熱端(duan)溫(wen)(wen)差(cha)過(guo)大，此中(zhong)一組(zu)(zu)換(huan)熱器(qi)(qi)有7℃一8℃的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen) 差(cha)。通(tong)過(guo)種種調(diao)理花招，液體(ti)(ti)產量仍(reng)達不到(dao)條約要求的(de)(de)(de)計劃值。檢查空(kong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)設(she)備(bei)流(liu)程圖(tu)和精(jing)餾塔(ta)(ta)總(zong)(zong)圖(tu)發明，6臺(tai)主(zhu)換(huan)熱器(qi)(qi)(El一E6)分(fen)(fen)(fen)兩(liang)組(zu)(zu)散布，分(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)篩吸附器(qi)(qi)出口(kou)空(kong) 氣(qi)(qi)通(tong)過(guo)正流(liu)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)閥(fa)Vln和vllZ分(fen)(fen)(fen)別進人El一E3和E4一E6兩(liang)組(zu)(zu)換(huan)熱器(qi)(qi)。兩(liang)組(zu)(zu)換(huan)熱器(qi)(qi)之間的(de)(de)(de)熱端(duan)溫(wen)(wen)差(cha)可哄騙(pian) v川和vllZ閥(fa)來(lai)調(diao)理，每(mei)組(zu)(zu)內3個(ge)單位之間靠冷箱(xiang)內配(pei)管來(lai)平衡(heng)氣(qi)(qi)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)散布。增壓空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)出主(zhu)換(huan)熱器(qi)(qi)各單位 有中(zhong)部、底部兩(liang)個(ge)抽口(kou)，進膨大機的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)度由中(zhong)部抽口(kou)總(zong)(zong)管閥(fa)V31和底部抽口(kou)總(zong)(zong)管閥(fa)V犯來(lai)調(diao)理。返流(liu) 氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)只要通(tong)過(guo)各自總(zong)(zong)管上的(de)(de)(de)調(diao)理閥(fa)來(lai)調(diao)理流(liu)量。