管(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)器(shell and tube heat exchanger)又(you)稱列管(guan)(guan)(guan)式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)器。管(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)器是(shi)以(yi)封閉在(zai)殼(ke)體(ti)中管(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)的壁(bi)(bi)面作為傳(chuan)熱(re)(re)面的間(jian)壁(bi)(bi)式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)器。這種換(huan)熱(re)(re)器結(jie)構(gou)較(jiao)簡單，操(cao)作可靠(kao)，可用(yong)各(ge)種結(jie)構(gou)材料（主(zhu)要是(shi)金屬(shu)材料）制造，能在(zai)高溫、高壓(ya)下使用(yong)，是(shi)目前應(ying)用(yong)廣的類(lei)型。管(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)器是(shi)怎樣(yang)運行的管(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)器由殼(ke)體(ti)、傳(chuan)熱(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)、折流板(ban)（擋(dang)板(ban)）和管(guan)(guan)(guan)箱等部(bu)件組成。殼(ke)體(ti)多為圓筒形(xing)，內部(bu)裝有管(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)兩(liang)端固定在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)上(shang)。進(jin)行換(huan)熱(re)(re)的冷熱(re)(re)兩(liang)種流體(ti)，一種在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)內流動，稱為管(guan)(guan)(guan)程流體(ti)；另一種在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)外(wai)流動，稱為殼(ke)程流體(ti)。

內(nei)置多組浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)盤(pan)(pan)管(guan)(guan)，獨一無二(er)的(de)(de)”寶塔型(xing)”結構,動(dong)(dong)態(tai)傳熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)，換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)效率極高(gao)，相同容(rong)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)該產品(pin)的(de)(de)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量分(fen)(fen)別相當于傳統容(rong)積(ji)(ji)式(shi)(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)的(de)(de)6～9倍。 其(qi)中(zhong)半容(rong)積(ji)(ji)式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)”寶塔型(xing)”結構特點，使(shi)得貯(zhu)水(shui)(shui)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)貯(zhu)有(you)15～30分(fen)(fen)鐘的(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)量，被加熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)頭損失≤0.25米，因此(ci)它在設置一般自動(dong)(dong)溫(wen)(wen)控閥的(de)(de)條件下，仍保持供(gong)水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)壓、水(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)平(ping)穩、安(an)全、節(jie)水(shui)(shui)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)舒(shu)適(shi)之特點。浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)盤(pan)(pan)管(guan)(guan)式(shi)(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)什(shen)么中(zhong)置型(xing)浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)盤(pan)(pan)管(guan)(guan)型(xing)容(rong)積(ji)(ji)式(shi)(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)可以提高(gao)容(rong)積(ji)(ji)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)率。浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)盤(pan)(pan)管(guan)(guan)型(xing)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)的(de)(de)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)盤(pan)(pan)管(guan)(guan)距容(rong)器(qi)底可以近(jin)到100mm左右(you)。其(qi)冷水(shui)(shui)區就(jiu)很小(xiao)，有(you)效貯(zhu)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)容(rong)積(ji)(ji)可達99%左右(you)，大(da)大(da)提高(gao)了換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)的(de)(de)容(rong)積(ji)(ji)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)率。本產品(pin)在用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)量極小(xiao)或不可用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)時(shi)可借助熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)網上循環泵的(de)(de)工作，維持罐內(nei)水(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)，使(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)時(shi)總處于被加熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)流動(dong)(dong)狀態(tai)，使(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)充(chong)分(fen)(fen)、節(jie)能。無論使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)頻繁與否，均保量恒溫(wen)(wen)供(gong)水(shui)(shui)。

在(zai)檢(jian)修(xiu)維(wei)護(hu)換熱器汽(qi)包(bao)時發(fa)現汽(qi)包(bao)封(feng)(feng)(feng)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)泄(xie)漏(lou)，在(zai)汽(qi)包(bao)封(feng)(feng)(feng)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)的(de)(de)閥蓋角焊縫(feng)處出現裂(lie)紋(wen)，裂(lie)紋(wen)平行(xing)于(yu)(yu)焊縫(feng)。采用(yong)宏(hong)觀形(xing)貌分析、化(hua)學成分分析、金(jin)相檢(jian)驗、顯微(wei)硬度(du)測定、能譜分析以(yi)及應(ying)力分析等方法對泄(xie)漏(lou)處進行(xing)了分析。結(jie)果表明，汽(qi)包(bao)中(zhong)水質含(han)有較高(gao)濃度(du)的(de)(de)堿性(xing)元素和氯(lv)、硫、氧等強腐蝕(shi)性(xing)元素，又在(zai)焊接(jie)殘余應(ying)力的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)下(xia)發(fa)生應(ying)力腐蝕(shi)開裂(lie)，最后(hou)導致汽(qi)包(bao)封(feng)(feng)(feng)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)產生泄(xie)漏(lou)。應(ying)力腐蝕(shi)；沿晶；堿脆；軋制帶(dai)狀組織(zhi)某化(hua)工廠換熱器汽(qi)包(bao)于(yu)(yu)1996年投(tou)入使用(yong)，于(yu)(yu)2005年上(shang)半年維(wei)護(hu)檢(jian)修(xiu)時發(fa)現滲漏(lou)。經去除外面保溫材料后(hou)，發(fa)現汽(qi)包(bao)封(feng)(feng)(feng)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)的(de)(de)蓋板(ban)角焊縫(feng)位置出現裂(lie)紋(wen)，裂(lie)紋(wen)為(wei)穿透(tou)型，起源于(yu)(yu)汽(qi)包(bao)封(feng)(feng)(feng)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)內表面，換熱器外形(xing)尺(chi)寸為(wei)1632mm9423mm，汽(qi)包(bao)封(feng)(feng)(feng)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)外形(xing)尺(chi)寸1632mm400mm，汽(qi)包(bao)封(feng)(feng)(feng)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)材料為(wei)16MnR鋼。

換熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)整個換熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)系統中(zhong)(zhong)都非(fei)常的(de)有名(ming)的(de)，這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)因(yin)為板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)換熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)優點(dian)是(shi)(shi)非(fei)常的(de)明顯的(de)，都有哪些有點(dian)呢(ni)?我(wo)們下面(mian)來看一(yi)下板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)換熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)化(hua)(hua)肥領域(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)吧。在(zai)(zai)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)換熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)我(wo)們專門進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)了(le)對比總結(jie)，比較重要和(he)明顯的(de)幾個特點(dian)就是(shi)(shi)換熱(re)(re)(re)效(xiao)率高，占用(yong)空間(jian)小，維修(xiu)方便，節能(neng)，成本低等了(le)。也正是(shi)(shi)因(yin)為板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)換熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)具有著(zhu)這(zhe)(zhe)么多的(de)換熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)優勢(shi)，所以(yi)(yi)很多的(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業中(zhong)(zhong)都是(shi)(shi)會選擇應(ying)(ying)用(yong)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)換熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)。在(zai)(zai)化(hua)(hua)肥生(sheng)產(chan)企業中(zhong)(zhong)選擇換熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)時(shi)候就是(shi)(shi)選用(yong)的(de)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)換熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，但是(shi)(shi)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)換熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)化(hua)(hua)肥生(sheng)產(chan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業中(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)(shi)如何應(ying)(ying)用(yong)的(de)呢(ni)?這(zhe)(zhe)個還是(shi)(shi)需要我(wo)們進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)一(yi)下介紹的(de)。在(zai)(zai)化(hua)(hua)肥的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)，板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)換熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所使(shi)(shi)用(yong)的(de)地點(dian)就是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)的(de)這(zhe)(zhe)些方面(mian)了(le)：1.銅(tong)液(ye)水(shui)冷(leng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)銅(tong)液(ye)氨(an)冷(leng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi).壓縮機(ji)油(you)冷(leng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)3.冰機(ji)氨(an)水(shui)換熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)4.貧(pin)液(ye)冷(leng)卻器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)氨(an)水(shui)冷(leng)卻器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。這(zhe)(zhe)樣我(wo)們使(shi)(shi)用(yong)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)換熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)時(shi)候就可(ke)以(yi)(yi)很好的(de)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)了(le)，而且是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)的(de)時(shi)候使(shi)(shi)化(hua)(hua)肥廠(chang)的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)時(shi)候可(ke)以(yi)(yi)節約(yue)很多的(de)資源以(yi)(yi)及時(shi)間(jian)的(de)。

容(rong)積式(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的非(fei)常(chang)廣泛的一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，它(ta)主要由器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體、蒸(zheng)汽(qi)盤管(guan)組件，蒸(zheng)汽(qi)進(jin)出(chu)(chu)口、冷熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)水進(jin)出(chu)(chu)口等(deng)組成，為(wei)防止(zhi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體內表面(mian)(mian)(mian)腐(fu)(fu)蝕，在(zai)(zai)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)上噴涂(tu)有一(yi)(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)防腐(fu)(fu)合金層(ceng)(ceng)，并在(zai)(zai)合金層(ceng)(ceng)上刷制有油漆層(ceng)(ceng)，另取消原(yuan)有管(guan)箱(xiang)，蒸(zheng)汽(qi)盤管(guan)通過法蘭直接外(wai)接，從而使(shi)本實用(yong)(yong)新型具有結構(gou)簡單合理、使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命長(chang)，換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)效果好(hao)，節能等(deng)特點。那么(me)容(rong)積式(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)怎么(me)選(xuan)擇？容(rong)積式(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的四大(da)優點隨著時代的發(fa)展，科技的進(jin)步，容(rong)積式(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)作為(wei)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)交換(huan)(huan)設備，廣泛應(ying)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)各(ge)行各(ge)業(ye)。其(qi)中(zhong)有一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是波紋(wen)管(guan)式(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，它(ta)一(yi)(yi)改傳統換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)厚壁鋼(gang)管(guan)做換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)管(guan)，而采用(yong)(yong)薄(bo)壁不(bu)銹鋼(gang)管(guan)做換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)管(guan)，并利用(yong)(yong)特殊裝置在(zai)(zai)薄(bo)壁不(bu)銹鋼(gang)管(guan)上加工(gong)出(chu)(chu)波紋(wen)，使(shi)其(qi)成為(wei)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)沿換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)管(guan)軸線方向上其(qi)橫截面(mian)(mian)(mian)積呈周期性變化。

在石油化工行業中，少不了換熱器的應用，隨著換熱器穩定性和工作效率的提高，如今已成為非常常見的換熱設施在石油行業設備投資上它所占的比例能夠達到三分之一以上。目前在石油化工行業關注的問題就是如何使提高換熱器的傳熱效率，降低換熱設施的投資，生活熱水設備價格最終實現石油化工行業經濟效益和社會效益的大化高效板式換熱器的優勢在石油化工行業中，換熱器的種類也是非常之多的，他們分別對于壓力和溫度有著超高的要求。高效板式換熱器：能夠更好地應對較高的壓力以及較高的溫度，最好生活熱水設備價格具體來說，焊接式板式換熱器具備較強的(de)(de)便捷(jie)性、體積小、重量輕、存在(zai)著良好的(de)(de)傳熱性能、價格低廉。因此，在(zai)石油的(de)(de)生產過程中得到了更好的(de)(de)應(ying)用。