在檢修維護換熱器汽包時發現汽包封頭泄漏，在汽包封頭的閥蓋角焊縫處出現裂紋，裂紋平行于焊縫。采用宏觀形貌分析、化學成分分析、金相檢驗、顯微硬度測定、能譜分析以及應力分析等方法對泄漏處進行了分析。結果表明，汽包中水質含有較高濃度的堿性元素和氯、硫、氧等強腐蝕性元素，供應容積式熱交換器廠家又在焊接殘余應力的作用下發生應力腐蝕開裂，最后導致汽包封頭產生泄漏。應力腐蝕；沿晶；堿脆；軋制帶狀組織某化工廠換熱器汽包于1996年投入使用，于2005年上半年維護檢修時發現滲漏。麗水容積式熱交換器經(jing)去除外(wai)(wai)面保溫材料(liao)后，發現(xian)汽(qi)包封(feng)(feng)頭的(de)蓋板角焊縫(feng)位(wei)置(zhi)出現(xian)裂(lie)紋，裂(lie)紋為(wei)穿(chuan)透(tou)型，起源于汽(qi)包封(feng)(feng)頭內表面，換熱器(qi)外(wai)(wai)形尺寸為(wei)1632mm9423mm，汽(qi)包封(feng)(feng)頭外(wai)(wai)形尺寸1632mm400mm，汽(qi)包封(feng)(feng)頭材料(liao)為(wei)16MnR鋼。

在(zai)石(shi)(shi)油化(hua)工行(xing)(xing)業(ye)中，少不了換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用，隨著(zhu)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)穩定性(xing)和工作效率的(de)(de)(de)提高(gao)(gao)，如(ru)今(jin)已成為非常常見的(de)(de)(de)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)設(she)施在(zai)石(shi)(shi)油行(xing)(xing)業(ye)設(she)備(bei)(bei)投(tou)資上它所占的(de)(de)(de)比(bi)例(li)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)達到三分之一以上。目(mu)前在(zai)石(shi)(shi)油化(hua)工行(xing)(xing)業(ye)關注的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題就(jiu)是(shi)如(ru)何使提高(gao)(gao)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)傳熱(re)(re)效率，降(jiang)低換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)設(she)施的(de)(de)(de)投(tou)資，最終實現(xian)石(shi)(shi)油化(hua)工行(xing)(xing)業(ye)經濟(ji)效益和社會效益的(de)(de)(de)大化(hua)高(gao)(gao)效板式(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)優勢在(zai)石(shi)(shi)油化(hua)工行(xing)(xing)業(ye)中，換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)種類也是(shi)非常之多的(de)(de)(de)，他們分別對于(yu)壓力和溫度(du)有著(zhu)超高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求。高(gao)(gao)效板式(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)：能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)更好(hao)地應(ying)對較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)壓力以及較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)溫度(du)，具體(ti)來說，焊接式(shi)板式(shi)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)具備(bei)(bei)較(jiao)(jiao)強的(de)(de)(de)便捷性(xing)、體(ti)積小(xiao)、重量輕(qing)、存在(zai)著(zhu)良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)傳熱(re)(re)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)、價格低廉。因此，在(zai)石(shi)(shi)油的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產過(guo)程(cheng)中得到了更好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用。

管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)式(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)把換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)(shu)與(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板連接(jie)后，再用(yong)筒體(ti)與(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)包起來(lai)，形(xing)成兩個(ge)獨(du)立(li)的空間(jian)。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內的通道(dao)及(ji)與(yu)其相貫通的管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程；管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外的通道(dao)及(ji)與(yu)其相貫通的部分(fen)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)殼(ke)程。一種流(liu)體(ti)在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內流(liu)動(dong)，而另(ling)一種流(liu)體(ti)在(zai)殼(ke)與(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)(shu)之(zhi)間(jian)從管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外表(biao)面流(liu)過(guo)，為(wei)了保證殼(ke)程流(liu)體(ti)能(neng)夠橫(heng)向(xiang)流(liu)過(guo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)(shu)，以形(xing)成較高的傳(chuan)(chuan)熱速率，在(zai)外殼(ke)上裝有(you)許多(duo)擋板。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)式(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)(shu)腐(fu)蝕和(he)磨蝕失(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)的主(zhu)要原(yuan)因管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)式(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)(qi)在(zai)使用(yong)的過(guo)程中可能(neng)會發(fa)生失(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)的情(qing)況，常(chang)(chang)見的失(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)(shu)失(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)的情(qing)況管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)(shu)腐(fu)蝕和(he)磨蝕失(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)、傳(chuan)(chuan)熱能(neng)力下降、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)(shu)泄漏(lou).以下是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)關于管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)式(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)(qi)官術失(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)的具體(ti)介(jie)紹。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)式(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)(qi)出(chu)現管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)(shu)失(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)的情(qing)況有(you)哪些(xie)?管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)式(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)(qi)的失(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)大多(duo)數是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)腐(fu)蝕引起的。最常(chang)(chang)見的管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)式(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)(qi)腐(fu)蝕部位是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),然后依次(ci)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板、換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱器(qi)(qi)封頭(tou) 及(ji)小直徑的接(jie)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。

容(rong)積(ji)(ji)式換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是使用(yong)(yong)的非常廣泛的一(yi)種(zhong)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，它(ta)主(zhu)要(yao)由(you)器(qi)(qi)(qi)體、蒸(zheng)汽盤(pan)管(guan)組件(jian)，蒸(zheng)汽進出(chu)口、冷(leng)熱(re)(re)(re)水進出(chu)口等(deng)組成(cheng)，為(wei)(wei)防止(zhi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)體內表面(mian)腐蝕，在(zai)表面(mian)上噴涂有一(yi)層(ceng)防腐合金層(ceng)，并(bing)在(zai)合金層(ceng)上刷(shua)制(zhi)有油(you)漆層(ceng)，另取消原有管(guan)箱，蒸(zheng)汽盤(pan)管(guan)通過法蘭直接(jie)(jie)外接(jie)(jie)，從而使本(ben)實用(yong)(yong)新型具有結構簡單合理、使用(yong)(yong)壽命長，換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)效果好，節能(neng)等(deng)特(te)點(dian)。那么(me)容(rong)積(ji)(ji)式換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)怎么(me)選擇？容(rong)積(ji)(ji)式換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的四大(da)優(you)點(dian)隨著時(shi)代的發展，科技的進步，容(rong)積(ji)(ji)式換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)作為(wei)(wei)一(yi)種(zhong)熱(re)(re)(re)交換(huan)設備，廣泛應用(yong)(yong)于各行各業。其(qi)中有一(yi)種(zhong)是波紋(wen)管(guan)式換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，它(ta)一(yi)改傳(chuan)統換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)使用(yong)(yong)厚壁鋼管(guan)做(zuo)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)管(guan)，而采用(yong)(yong)薄壁不(bu)銹鋼管(guan)做(zuo)換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)管(guan)，并(bing)利用(yong)(yong)特(te)殊裝置在(zai)薄壁不(bu)銹鋼管(guan)上加工出(chu)波紋(wen)，使其(qi)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)一(yi)種(zhong)沿換(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)管(guan)軸線(xian)方向上其(qi)橫截面(mian)積(ji)(ji)呈周期(qi)性變化。