在(zai)(zai)檢修維護換熱器(qi)汽(qi)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)時(shi)發現汽(qi)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)封(feng)頭(tou)(tou)泄漏，在(zai)(zai)汽(qi)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)封(feng)頭(tou)(tou)的(de)閥(fa)蓋角(jiao)焊(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)處出(chu)現裂(lie)紋，裂(lie)紋平行(xing)于(yu)焊(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)。采用(yong)宏觀形(xing)(xing)貌分(fen)析(xi)(xi)、化學成分(fen)分(fen)析(xi)(xi)、金相(xiang)檢驗、顯微(wei)硬度(du)測定、能(neng)譜分(fen)析(xi)(xi)以及應(ying)力(li)分(fen)析(xi)(xi)等(deng)方(fang)法對泄漏處進行(xing)了(le)分(fen)析(xi)(xi)。結果表(biao)(biao)明，汽(qi)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)中水質(zhi)含有較(jiao)高濃度(du)的(de)堿(jian)性元素和氯、硫、氧等(deng)強(qiang)腐(fu)蝕性元素，又在(zai)(zai)焊(han)(han)接殘余應(ying)力(li)的(de)作用(yong)下發生應(ying)力(li)腐(fu)蝕開(kai)裂(lie)，最(zui)后(hou)導(dao)致汽(qi)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)封(feng)頭(tou)(tou)產生泄漏。應(ying)力(li)腐(fu)蝕；沿(yan)晶；堿(jian)脆；軋制帶狀組織某化工廠換熱器(qi)汽(qi)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)于(yu)1996年投入使用(yong)，于(yu)2005年上半年維護檢修時(shi)發現滲漏。經去除外(wai)面(mian)保溫材料后(hou)，發現汽(qi)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)封(feng)頭(tou)(tou)的(de)蓋板角(jiao)焊(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)位(wei)置出(chu)現裂(lie)紋，裂(lie)紋為穿透型，起源于(yu)汽(qi)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)封(feng)頭(tou)(tou)內表(biao)(biao)面(mian)，換熱器(qi)外(wai)形(xing)(xing)尺寸為1632mm9423mm，汽(qi)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)封(feng)頭(tou)(tou)外(wai)形(xing)(xing)尺寸1632mm400mm，汽(qi)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)封(feng)頭(tou)(tou)材料為16MnR鋼(gang)。

容(rong)(rong)積(ji)式(shi)換熱(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)利用(yong)(yong)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)泵出口處止回閥(fa)和(he)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)前(qian)閥(fa)，當用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)運(yun)行(xing)時(shi)，即(ji)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)泵啟(qi)動(dong)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)前(qian)閥(fa)通電(dian)(dian)，當用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)內(nei)(nei)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)超過定(ding)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(確保(bao)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)不倒空)后，電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)前(qian)閥(fa)自動(dong)開啟(qi)，用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)回水(shui)經閥(fa)前(qian)閥(fa)定(ding)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)為(wei)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)定(ding)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)，并容(rong)(rong)積(ji)式(shi)換熱(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)減(jian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)至和(he)熱(re)(re)網回水(shui)管壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)相同；當用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)容(rong)(rong)積(ji)式(shi)換熱(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)泵停(ting)止運(yun)行(xing)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)前(qian)閥(fa)斷電(dian)(dian)自動(dong)關閉(bi)，這樣用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)內(nei)(nei)的(de)水(shui)就被密閉(bi)起來(lai)，如(ru)果不漏水(shui)，可保(bao)證用(yong)(yong)容(rong)(rong)積(ji)式(shi)換熱(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)戶(hu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)內(nei)(nei)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)在較(jiao)長(chang)時(shi)間(jian)維持在定(ding)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)左右(you)。也就是(shi)(shi)說，不論增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)冪運(yun)行(xing)還是(shi)(shi)不運(yun)行(xing)，用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)系(xi)(xi)締內(nei)(nei)的(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)都(dou)町堆持在倧(zong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)范圍內(nei)(nei)。

寬流道板式換熱器在石油化工行業中的應用是十分廣泛的，其重要性也是顯而宜見的，換熱設備利用率的高低直接影響到煉油工藝的效率以及成本的費用問題。安徽換熱器哪家好據統計換熱器在化工建設中約占投資的1/5。因此，換熱器的利用率及壽命是值得研究的重要問題。由寬流道板式換熱器的損壞原因來看,腐蝕是一個十分重要的原因，而且換熱器的腐蝕是大量的普遍存在的，能夠解決好腐蝕問題，就等于解決了換熱器損壞的根本。換熱器哪家好在(zai)周圍介質的(de)化學或電(dian)化學的(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)下(xia)，并且經常是在(zai)和物理、機械或生(sheng)物學因素的(de)共同作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)下(xia)金(jin)屬產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)破(po)壞(huai)(huai)，也即金(jin)屬在(zai)它(ta)所處(chu)環境的(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)下(xia)所產(chan)生(sheng)破(po)壞(huai)(huai)。列管式換熱器在(zai)制作(zuo)(zuo)時，管板與列管的(de)焊(han)接一(yi)般采用(yong)手工(gong)電(dian)弧(hu)焊(han)，焊(han)縫(feng)形狀存在(zai)不同程度的(de)缺陷，如凹陷、氣孔、夾(jia)渣(zha)等(deng)，焊(han)縫(feng)應力的(de)分布也不均勻。

封閉(bi)(bi)式(shi)(shi)(shi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)塔(ta)(ta)和管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)同(tong)屬于水換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)裝(zhuang)置，有(you)著本(ben)質(zhi)的(de)(de)區別。閉(bi)(bi)式(shi)(shi)(shi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)塔(ta)(ta)除了熱(re)(re)(re)交換(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)過(guo)程，可(ke)以直接蒸(zheng)發吸(xi)熱(re)(re)(re)，將(jiang)熱(re)(re)(re)量排走，而管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)只能(neng)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)，使用過(guo)程中(zhong)還需要(yao)另外的(de)(de)設備(bei)進行排熱(re)(re)(re)。今天小衛給大家(jia)詳細(xi)介紹一下管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)和閉(bi)(bi)式(shi)(shi)(shi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)塔(ta)(ta)有(you)著哪些(xie)不同(tong)之處，在(zai)(zai)現實使用過(guo)程中(zhong)閉(bi)(bi)式(shi)(shi)(shi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)塔(ta)(ta)替代管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)已(yi)成趨一、封閉(bi)(bi)式(shi)(shi)(shi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)塔(ta)(ta)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)概念及結構管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)（shell and tube heat exchanger）又稱列管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)。是以封閉(bi)(bi)在(zai)(zai)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)體(ti)(ti)中(zhong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)的(de)(de)壁面作為傳(chuan)熱(re)(re)(re)面的(de)(de)間(jian)壁式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)。這種換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)結構較(jiao)簡單，操(cao)作 ，可(ke)用各種結構材(cai)(cai)料（主要(yao)是金屬材(cai)(cai)料）制造，能(neng)在(zai)(zai)高管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)式(shi)(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器(qi)由殼(ke)(ke)(ke)體(ti)(ti)、傳(chuan)熱(re)(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)(ban)、折流板(ban)(ban)（擋板(ban)(ban)）和管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱等(deng)部件組(zu)成。殼(ke)(ke)(ke)體(ti)(ti)多為圓筒形，內部裝(zhuang)有(you)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)兩(liang)端固定在(zai)(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板(ban)(ban)上。

1、挖孔(kong)：在確定了內(nei)(nei)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)點的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位置后,從換(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)外層(ceng)(ceng)對(dui)(dui)應(ying)(ying)著(zhu)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)點的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地方(fang),開始割(ge)孔(kong),順序是由外向里(li),一直割(ge)到有內(nei)(nei)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)點的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)那(nei)一層(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)止。割(ge)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)孔(kong)應(ying)(ying)為(wei)橢(tuo)圓形(xing)(xing),且(qie)尺寸(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)小是外層(ceng)(ceng)大(da),向里(li)逐漸(jian)小,一般每層(ceng)(ceng)板(ban)上(shang)(shang)孔(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)小相差40mm,如漏(lou)(lou)(lou)點位置較深,在外層(ceng)(ceng)割(ge)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)孔(kong)應(ying)(ying)較大(da)。換(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)內(nei)(nei)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)處(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)3種(zhong)處(chu)理(li)(li)辦法(fa)(fa)2、清(qing)(qing)(qing)渣(zha)(zha)：在割(ge)完(wan)孔(kong)后,應(ying)(ying)對(dui)(dui)留在每層(ceng)(ceng)板(ban)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氧化渣(zha)(zha)認真進行清(qing)(qing)(qing)理(li)(li),這是在對(dui)(dui)焊(han)(han)回補板(ban)時(shi),回補板(ban)與每層(ceng)(ceng)螺旋板(ban)能否(fou)貼緊焊(han)(han)牢的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵,可用(yong)鏨子和(he)(he)修整模具用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小手砂輪清(qing)(qing)(qing)理(li)(li)氧化渣(zha)(zha),注意應(ying)(ying)盡量將(jiang)清(qing)(qing)(qing)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)渣(zha)(zha)子清(qing)(qing)(qing)出(chu),不讓其(qi)掉進換(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)內(nei)(nei)。換(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)內(nei)(nei)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)處(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)3種(zhong)處(chu)理(li)(li)辦法(fa)(fa)3、配回補板(ban)：換(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)內(nei)(nei)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)處(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)3種(zhong)處(chu)理(li)(li)辦法(fa)(fa)為(wei)保證修理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量,從換(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)上(shang)(shang)每層(ceng)(ceng)割(ge)下來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)板(ban)料(liao),不再使(shi)用(yong),【主詞】重新配回補板(ban),另配的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)回補板(ban)要用(yong)與換(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)螺旋板(ban)相同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)和(he)(he)板(ban)厚,其(qi)周(zhou)邊應(ying)(ying)比換(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)上(shang)(shang)每層(ceng)(ceng)割(ge)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)孔(kong)分別大(da)15mm-20mm,且(qie)也為(wei)橢(tuo)圓形(xing)(xing),并做(zuo)成和(he)(he)換(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)每層(ceng)(ceng)螺旋板(ban)弧度相一致的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)弧形(xing)(xing)。