容積式換熱器的(de)內應(ying)力(li)是指在復雜(za)載荷(he)條件(jian)下，工(gong)件(jian)外部剩余(yu)的(de)應(ying)力(li)。帶有剩余(yu)應(ying)力(li)的(de)零件(jian)通常處于十分不波動的(de)正(zheng)均衡(heng)形(xing)態。當這種(zhong)均衡(heng)形(xing)態被某(mou)些元素(su)克制時，應(ying)力(li)從(cong)一開端就分散，形(xing)成零件(jian)絕對變(bian)形(xing)，使原加工(gong)刀尖缺失。

發生剩余應力的關鍵緣由是，消費制造進程中發生的剩余應力是容積式換熱器在(zai)熱(re)處置進(jin)(jin)(jin)程中(zhong)，如鍛造(zao)等(deng)加(jia)工(gong)工(gong)藝中(zhong)，各局(ju)部(bu)厚(hou)度(du)(du)不平均而發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內應(ying)力(li)(li)；冷(leng)校直(zhi)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)剩(sheng)余應(ying)力(li)(li)是在(zai)原變形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)反方向側向挪動(dong)，使(shi)工(gong)件(jian)反方向彎曲，進(jin)(jin)(jin)而形(xing)成外(wai)表塑性變形(xing)，內層彈性變形(xing)，進(jin)(jin)(jin)而到達校直(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)全體目的(de)(de)(de)(de)。移除校正(zheng)力(li)(li)后，剩(sheng)余應(ying)力(li)(li)由(you)內外(wai)表上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)操作惹起。   鉆井進(jin)(jin)(jin)程中(zhong)容(rong)積式換熱(re)器發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)剩(sheng)余應(ying)力(li)(li)。在(zai)鉆削進(jin)(jin)(jin)程中(zhong)，由(you)于切削速(su)度(du)(du)和(he)鉆削熱(re)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成效，工(gong)件(jian)會(hui)發(fa)(fa)作不同水平的(de)(de)(de)(de)變形(xing)，進(jin)(jin)(jin)而發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)絕對剩(sheng)余應(ying)力(li)(li)，加(jia)工(gong)后工(gong)件(jian)會(hui)發(fa)(fa)作變形(xing)。

增加(jia)或消(xiao)弭剩(sheng)余(yu)壓力的(de)(de)辦法是公道(dao)的(de)(de)。整(zheng)個機器構造(zao)無蟹，壁厚平(ping)均(jun)、焊(han)(han)接(jie)平(ping)均(jun)展開，增加(jia)剩(sheng)余(yu)應力；對工(gong)件(jian)(jian)停(ting)止(zhi)熱處(chu)置和調質(zhi)處(chu)置，對鍛(duan)造(zao)的(de)(de)、鍛(duan)件(jian)(jian)和焊(han)(han)件(jian)(jian)停(ting)止(zhi)淬(cui)火或淬(cui)火，可(ke)以消(xiao)弭剩(sheng)余(yu)應力。淬(cui)火和回火可(ke)以高精度去除粗(cu)加(jia)工(gong)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)時的(de)(de)剩(sheng)余(yu)應力。衰老需求很長工(gong)夫。爲(wei)了更好的(de)(de)延長消(xiao)費周期，常(chang)(chang)常(chang)(chang)運用人工(gong)老化。

加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)的(de)(de)合理分配在(zai)分配加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)T-技藝(yi)時，粗(cu)(cu)(cu)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、應該在(zai)不同(tong)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)停止(zhi)。在(zai)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)有意(yi)義的(de)(de)書籍工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)時，通(tong)常是在(zai)一個工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)進程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)完成粗(cu)(cu)(cu)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、精(jing)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，此(ci)時，粗(cu)(cu)(cu)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)后應松懈地(di)開端打工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，讓工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)恬靜地(di)變(bian)形，然后用較小的(de)(de)夾緊力夾緊工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)停止(zhi)精(jing)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，這是機(ji)器設備加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)經濟精(jing)度。

不(bu)(bu)同的(de)加工(gong)(gong)辦法可(ke)以(yi)取得(de)不(bu)(bu)同的(de)精度(du)(du)，同一種加工(gong)(gong)辦法在不(bu)(bu)同的(de)打工(gong)(gong)前(qian)提下可(ke)以(yi)取得(de)不(bu)(bu)同的(de)精度(du)(du)。經(jing)濟(ji)度(du)(du)是指在容積式(shi)換(huan)熱器非正常加工(gong)(gong)前(qian)提條件下，采用滿足質量(liang)和地(di)址標準的(de)機(ji)器設備辦法程度(du)(du)，可(ke)以(yi)保證加工(gong)(gong)精度(du)(du)，而不(bu)(bu)添加加工(gong)(gong)年限的(de)工(gong)(gong)人。技術(shu)、使用標準；經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)定義相似于經(jing)濟(ji)精度(du)(du)，各種辦法可(ke)以(yi)到(dao)達(da)的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)精度(du)(du)在機(ji)器設備加工(gong)(gong)指南中很有能夠找(zhao)到(dao)，其(qi)各種眾所(suo)周知(zhi)的(de)加工(gong)(gong)辦法都被做成著(zhu)名的(de)標準辦法如加、孔和立體(ti)圖(tu)，以(yi)及選擇(ze)加工(gong)(gong)辦法時可(ke)以(yi)到(dao)達(da)的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)精度(du)(du)和經(jing)濟(ji)粗(cu)糙(cao)度(du)(du)供參考(kao)。

由于危及工件加(jia)工的(de)要素(su)(su)比擬復雜；單要素(su)(su)法很(hen)難剖(pou)析工件加(jia)工發生(sheng)的(de)誤差(cha)，所以要經過統(tong)計剖(pou)析找(zhao)出誤差(cha)的(de)緣由。